Research Methods in Psychology

Research rules in psychological scienceMETHODS OF PSYCHOLOGYResearch in psychological science is conducted in grand accord with the standards of the scientific regularity, including two qualitative and quantitative statistical modalities to hold and evaluate explanatory hypotheses with regard to psychological phenomena. These methods vary by the sources of development that argon drawn on, how that information is sampled, and the types of instruments that ar utilise in selective information interrogative sentence. modes also vary by whether they discover qualitative information, quantitative entropy or both.Ameri raft Psychological Association has laid down the avocation rules and regulations for inquiryesInformed consent (tell them what this research is virtually).There should be no impairment to the subject.After the research, you mustiness tell the subject about the deception.Types Of Research Methods valued researchQuantitative research is generally associated with the positivistic / post positivist figure of speech. Usually it is to gather and transform the data into digital form so that statistical calculations notify be made and conclusions can be drawn.qualitative researchQualitative research is the method usually associated with the social constructivist epitome that emphasizes the socially constructed nature of reality. This is about recording, analyzing and trying to discover the centre and importance of gay behaviour and experience, including conflicting beliefs, behaviors and deepest emotions. Researchers ar interested in obtaining a rich and complex understanding of the experience of mountain and not in gaining information that can be generalized to larger groups.Requirement of methodologyAll methods employ for researches should dupe the basic three qualities, which argonThey founder to be standardize (it must be in possession of a certain norm).They own to be valid (a test should measure what its supposed to me asure).They have to be reliable.The following are the different types of research methodologies campaign score MethodExperi amiable ResearchCorrelational ResearchSurvey Method naturalistic ObservationCASE HISTORY METHODA character reference ponder (or case report) is a descriptive, exploratory or explanatory depth psychology of a person, group or event. An explanatory case necessitate is used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles.Case study is also called life recital/clinical method. Case study is a detailed investigation of a persons certain or special behavior. Case study research excels at bringing us to an understanding of a complex issue or object and can extend experience or add strength to what is already cognize through previous research. Case study is a descriptive method and it con impartes a lot of time. In this method, we are vent to question subject, family, relatives, teachers and friends.typically data is gathered from a variety of sourc es and by using several(prenominal) different methods (e.g. observations interviews). The case study research method originated in clinical medicine (the case history, i.e. the patients personal history).The case study method often involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing the case history of a single participant or group of individuals ( such as a give slightons class or a specific social group), i.e. the idiographic near. Case studies allow a researcher to investigate a outlet in far more detail than might be likely if they were trying to deal with a large number of research participants.In Case history, we use the following techniquesDay-Book method (day to day development of a child). In this we allow for question to childs pediatrician.Biographical Method.Clinical Method (preventing, diagnosing and treating an individual)Social therapy worker, psychologist and physician are gullively going to make a detailed report about the subject. After that they pass on conclude if the subject needfully psycho-therapy or not.Case studies are wide used in psychology and amongst the best known were the ones carried out by Sigmund Freud. He conducted very detailed investigations into the private lives of his patients in an attempt to both understand and help them overcome their complaintes.Freuds most famous case studies acknowledge Little Hans (1909a) and The Rat Man (1909b). Even today case histories are one of the main methods of investigation in abnormal psychology and psychiatry. For students of these battlegrounds they can give a vivid insight into what those who suffer from mental illness often have to endure.SURVEY METHODThe survey is a non-experimental, descriptive research method. Surveys can be useful when a researcher necessitys to collect data on phenomena that cannot be directly observed. A survey is a data collection tool used to gather information about individuals. Surveys are commonly used in psychology research to colle ct self-report data from study participants. A survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it might aim to collect the opinions of the survey takers.Survey method is a general evaluation and superintendence carried out with specific aim in mind to search for particular kind of information. When you have shortage of time, then you go with survey methodology. first gear we identify the problem on which we want to carry out a research. Then we make a hypothesis on which our whole research would depend on.Then the questionnaire is made. The questions should be simple and clear, so that the subjects would not have any difficulty to understand the questions. Researchers have to ensure that all the questions are valid and relate to the research topic.After that, you sample the population and try the results and then conclusions are made according to the results.So following are the steps in survey methodIdentify the problem. Determine what you want to study.Sampling the population. Define the population to be studied.Design the questionnaire.Select a representative sample.Administer the survey.Analyze, conclude and discuss the results.PERSPECTIVESPsychology is a discipline that asks and answers the fundamental question, why do we behave the way we do and sound off the way we think? The best way to characterize the different approaches that are taken to answer the question of psychology is to identify them as study thoughts. The major(ip) perspectives represent fundamental assumptions that underlie the research questions and methods that are used in order to answer the questions of psychology. Most all perspectives define psychology as the discipline interested in studying human behavior and mental processes, but that covers a lot of ground and the causes of behavior and mental processes are not always clear.So there are six major perspectives to formulate a human behavior.1. Biological perspective2. Psychoanalytic perspective3. Behavioral Per spective4. humane PerspectiveThis perspective emphasizes on the authority of motivation on thought and behavior. Two of the most influential and abiding theories in humane psychology that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s are those of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.The humanistic perspective suggests that we are each responsible for our own satisfaction and well-being as humans. We have the innate (i.e. inborn) capacity for self-actualization which is our unique lust to achieve our highest potential as peck.Because of this focus on the person and his or her personal experiences and subjective intuition of the world the humanists regarded scientific methods as hostile for studying behavior. human-centred perspective believes that if are determined to change anything you can. finality making is in your own hand. So this perspective believes in human capacity and controlling boldness of his behavior.5. Cognitive Perspective6. Social heathen PerspectiveSCHOOL OF THOUGHTSWhen p sychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The different schools of psychology represent the major theories within psychology. The modern history of psychology starts from the school of thoughts. The following are the six major schools of thoughts.1. Structuralism2. Functionalism3. Gestalt PsychologyIts a German school of thought unquestionable by Max Wertheimer, Kohler and Koffka. The word Gestalt meaning is form, shape or unified whole. Gestalt psychology is a school of psychology based upon the idea that we experience things as unified wholes. This approach to psychology began in Germany and Austria during the late 19th century in rejoinder to the molecular approach of structuralism. Instead of breaking down thoughts and behavior to their smallest elements, the gestalt psychologists believed that you must hear at the whole of experience. According to the gesta lt thinkers, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.According to Gestalt psychologists, the human mind works by interpreting data through various laws, rules or organizing principles, turning partial information into a whole. For example, your mind might interpret a series of lines as a square, even though it has no complete lines your mind fills in the gaps. Gestalt psychotherapists accept this logic to problem-solving to help patients.This school leads to the development of possibility of perception. For instance when you embrace something, you perceive as a whole rather than parts of something.4. Psychodynamic mannikin5. Humanistic vexHumanistic psychology developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanistic psychology instead focused on individual free will, personal growth and the concept of self-actualization. While primaeval schools of thought were largely centered on abnormal human behavior, humanistic psychology differed considerably in its emp hasis on helping people achieve and fulfill their potential. This school of thought was developed by Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers. Humanistic psychology is basically a positive psychology, which emphasizes on the positive side of your behavior. This particular branch of psychology is centered on helping people living happier, more fulfilling lives.Humanist psychologists teach that to understand psychology, we must look at individuals and their motivations. Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs exemplifies this approach a system of needs, such as food, love and self-esteem, determines a persons behavior to various extents. Meeting these needs leads to a sense of self-satisfaction and solves psychological problems.6. Behaviorism7. Cognitive ModelObjectiveFill in the blanksMeaning of word Gestalt is __________(form, shape or unified whole)____________ is a German school of thought.(Gestalt psychology)____________ School of thought refers to positive psychology. (Humanistic)_______________ Perspective believes that Decision Making is in your own hands. (Humanistic)______________ School was developed as a response to psychoanalysis and behaviorism.(Humanistic)MCQsWhich of the following methods will we choose, if we have shortage of time (Survey Method)Case HistorySurvey MethodExperimental ResearchWhich school of thought leads to the development of theory of perception (Gestalt psychology)Gestalt psychologyFunctionalismStructuralismWhich of the following is a descriptive, non-experimental and less-time consuming method(Survey Method)Naturalistic ObservationCorrelationSurvey methodIn which research method, we question from the subjects pediatrician, therapist, friends and family (Case Study)Correlation MethodExperimental methodCase Study MethodWho gave the pyramid of hierarchy of need?(Abraham Maslow)Max WertheimerKohlerSigmund FreudAbraham Maslow look into the columnsUnified whole (c)a. Theory of perceptionDecision Making (e)b. less time consumingHierarchy of needs is g iven by (d)c. GestaltGestalt Psychology leads to (a)d. Abraham MaslowSurvey Methodis (b)e. Humanistic perspectiveTrue/FalseGestalt psychology leads to theory of evolution.(False)Case study is a less time consuming research method.(False)Humanistic school was developed by Abraham Maslow.(True)Survey is an experimental method.(False)Humanistic perspective believes in positive psychology.(True)