'Nundies Sase Study Essay\r'

'1. How would you characterize the situation facing modernistic existents with respect to Nundies in January 2008?\r\nNundies essence no undies which ar disposable slenderise step-in that made for woman who like imperceptible panty marchess and wish to smash thin line drive instead of habiliment conventional under wear. Nundies divvy up its returnion by dint of and by dint of different convey but in the main through women’s intensity shops which counted 242 in 2007. It also distributes its increases online at its official website as soundly as many some oppositewise p bentage websites. The main purpose of Nundies is to ecstasy women who dislike underwear a at ease and e precise(prenominal)ayerable product. The turgidgest service for Nundies is that there atomic design 18 plainly substitute products available in the grocery storeplace, the product it offers has no direct competitors.\r\n this instant the primary task Nundies facing is that Nundies’s predictations be failed due to the low reposition re get rate. Apart from the initial purchase, tho approximately 6% memorys placed extra orders for extra units and precisely 10% of reorders argon include in the primitive units s overage. In addition, although the online activity is considered to be positive, it is non apply frequently enough in equipment casualty of reorder. The bar of panties included in a single package is a nonher job and will be discussed in the following question.\r\n some new(prenominal) problems includes the gross gross gross revenue somebody in come ins do non promote Nundies enough. They ring Nundies can sell themselves beca office they ar already displaying on the shelves. So gross gross revenue soulfulness do not talk round the product or recommend Nundies to their guests. Actually, customers with come to to Nundies instructm to be embarrassed by returning their raise in stores. and then the passive att itude of gross revenue person has a direct shock absorber on the gross revenue of Nundies’ products. More over, Nundies’s products displays together with former(a) trade in in shops means its products shuffle in with other goods, customer would mayhap miss Nundies’s products and this solving in a big loss in sales. As a result, if store staff office do not suggest or promote Nundies’s products and Nundies atomic number 18 not properly displayed in stores, Nundies will sheath a decrease in sales as wellhead as take the reordering from other companies. This will contact Nundies’s amplifications and sales.\r\nAdvanced Materials Inc is a manufacturing company with giant industrial customer base. It changed its strategy to focus on promoting its give product and transforming the capabilities of its product development to be customer based. The main butt joint food markets be medical and consumer market. Core capability of AMI is to ass ume single wasting disease medical graze products. whence the dismiss of Nundies was very modernistic for AMI.\r\n2. How would you describe the introductory program for Nundies, including the market nates, value pro military strength, and all(prenominal) marketing concoction element? Advanced Materials Inc.’s wise product Nundies is very different from the quondam(prenominal) products manufactured by Advanced Material Inc. It represents the company’s transition to consumer and trademarked medical products from foam fabricator manufacturing business. The manufacturing be to produce a single liner include material and labor monetary value which is estimated to be $0.6 per unit. Three colors, buff, black and diverse would be produced in a package. And 5 count p rifleic pillow packages would be created to package the liners and each comprise $0.45 to produce. Nundies go forth sell stores 5-count package with the sell toll of $7 and interchange harm to customers is $15.\r\nFurther much, for each 5-count packages s overage, Nundies offers 12% commission on the sell price to its cistrons. This agent’s certificate of indebtedness is to improver Nundies’s dissemination coverage amoung specialty stores for Nundies as well as women’s boutique stores. According to the marketing re essay of Nundies, 30.9 percent, which is the largest role in women’s underwear sales goes to women’s boutique and specialty shops. Department stores rank the stand by with the number of 30.7% and followed by 29.1% from mass merchandise and wareho drill club stores. Internet sellers and other sell outlets handbill for the smallest percentage which is 9.1%. ground on the survey re await from 1042 women of age(p) 18-49 years old, 84% of women have interest in eliminating panty lines products. Among them, 58% women move to eliminate panty lines by wearing no-seam panties.\r\nOnly 22% women wear no panties at all a s a solution for eliminating the panty lines. This means the volume customers pick out to wear something than nothing. 81% of women are interested in not underwear product that has the function to run comfort and hygiene benefits. 35% of women would wear this agreeable of product 3-5 quantify per calendar week which graded the highest followed by the collection of people who prefer notwithstanding to wear 1-2 times per week with the percentage of 29%. Among the people who would wear 3-5 times per week, age 30-35 ranked the highest which account for 39.8% time 41.7% of people age 18-24 depute that they would use this kind of product to a greater utter well-nighover 1-2 times per week.\r\nAbout the distribution bring, 64% respondent said that they prefer to purchase no panty line product from mass-merchandise stores such(prenominal) as order and Walmart, followed by midlevel division stores 49% and online purchase 41%. Women’s boutique ranked the last, tho 28% customers would shop this product in there. However, 53.1% of customers would render out this product online/ meshing if they knew it was for sale which ranked the highest among other transmit. in that respectfore, online sell have bigger emf and should not be neglected.\r\nIn order to underscore the product’s display innovation as well as wonder user impressions, other focus group research was conducted. Participants are women who have over $25000 annual household incomes and aged 21-60. Nundies’s display and packaging are promote by these participants. The repairs they expect are â€Å"cotemporary concepts” location in shops as well as lingerie stores. Participants express the idea that manifestation is helpful to attract customers. therefrom educated sales persons are necessary to increment product sales. The products are expected to be found and purchased in discussion section stores by all participants. Although online purchasing is seen as positive, it is infrequently for reorders.\r\nThese research studies have revealed that Nundies have a good market likely because large amount of women are interested in this kind of no panty-line and convenient product. Nundies hurt their expectations by offering vindications while allowing them to be free at the same time. So Nundies is a single-use, disposable panty that sticks to the inseam of women’s leggings, athletic wear, shorts and jeans. When women decide they presume’t want to wear underwear, Nundies helps bear a protection as well as being convenient at the same time.\r\nThe guide market for Nundies was 36.7 meg aged 15-60 women who has a household incomes over $25000 annually. And the interchange price was set to $15 which was considered to be high by participants. Although it was not a main problem for the coffin nail market, participants stable found 10 liners in a $15 package would be more than than than reasonable. However, Nundies set i ts price to $15 was based on competition from alternatives, manufacturing greet, retail margins and wampum goals of the company. Moreover, Nundies were more popular among high(prenominal)(prenominal) end specialty stores and upmarket plane section shops. Customers in these high end channels show better interest in Nundies. at that place for Nundies keep this interchange price to piss higher margin.\r\nNundies’s launch has limited media advert tolerate and no consumer-oriented advertisement was manifold in the promotion. Nundies was introduced by print advertising through retail trade magazines. as well, these retail trade emptor magazines such as Southern Vanity, Women’s Wear Daily and Fashion invest complimentary feature articles to help Nundies off ken. Additionally, for major celebrity events like Grammys, and 2007 honorary society awards, Nundies promoted its product by placing its sample package in the gift bags to give past to celebrities. It also took the advantage of New York and Las Vegas’s Lingerie Trad Show to exhibit its products. This brought Nundies with child(p) hazard as these showrooms were visited by buyers for women’s boutique and specialty stores, they decided which abetter _or_ abettor lines to carry.\r\n3. Looking again at Nundies behind market, value proposition, and each marketing miscellanea element, how has each contributed to Nundies execution to date?\r\nBy the end of 2007, there were 232 women’s boutique and specialty stores selling Nundies as well as 10 upmarket discussion section stores across 40 states. Nundies had shipped 11383 units of products to these channels, among them, 1777 units were accounted for reorders from 15 stores. 285 units were distributed for online purchase. To see from exhibit 6, it is clearly to see Nundies had the highest sales record with 4506 units arranged in the entropy after(prenominal) part which includes April, May and June. The thi rd quarter July, August and September ranked the import with 3552 units ordered. This record may because of the warmer weather. Women lead to wear dresses, shorts and skirts in spend season so they would choose lilting product that do not show any panty lines and provide them protection at the same time. Nundies’ orders declined dramatically after summer season with only 1656 units ordered in October November and December. The poor sales performance may because of the following reasons.\r\nFirst, Nundies’s put market is represented by15-60 year old women which accounts for 23% of total population. It is important to celebrate that the concentrate of this population is among the age 25 to 52 which accounts for 80.83% of this population. So Nundies should especially accent on this target group to be more efficient.\r\nSecondly, Nundies currently offers only 5 panties per package. Nundies have the prospect to plus the panties amount in single unit. Because with t he current selling price to customer set to $15 per unit, customer found that it would be more attractive if this price is for 10 per package.\r\nthirdly, with the distribution channel Nundies currently place its product, it is absent out the mass-merchandise stores such as Target and Walmart and midlevel part stores like JCPenney. Although women’s underwear are mainly sold through women’s boutique and specialty shops, it is not the best option for Nundies. From the survey result, the majority of participants (64%) expect to purchase Nundies in mass-merchandise stores. The second channel customers expect was midlevel surgical incision stores, 49%. However, Nundies’s products were mainly distributed to women’s boutique and specialty stores as well as upscale department stores and online which less(prenominal) customers would expect to purchase from. Nundies is missing out 59.8% of dickens large markets that would attract the most potential customers.\r\n Fourthly, Nundies launch has limited media advertising support and it lacks of consumer-oriented media advertising. Many people don’t know this product exist or have no idea what is utilise for. So in order to add-on sales, Nundies’s primary task is to ontogenesis grunge awareness by top media advertisings via commercial or print media.\r\nOther factors that affect Nundies performance include the impact of sales personnel. Sales staffs are ill-defined about how to merchandise Nundies. They think Nundies would sell itself by displaying it in stores. However, many Nundies displays come out to merge in with the rest of other merchandise items. Moreover, many customers feel ill at ease(p) to show interest in Nundies away from those customers who are already panty free. Therefore an informative brochure or advertisement is needed for departments and retail stores so sales personnel could mention and suggest Nundies to customers clearly. In addition, Nundies displa y should be suggested and checked by Nundies agents to ensure Nundies occupies a favorable position and does not get lost with other items.\r\n4. Mr Mortensen asked his team to revisit the market and sales potential for Nundies. How large is the market for a product like Nundies and Nundies sales given its current marketing program?\r\n36.7 zillion of women aged 15-60 is seen as Nundies target market. Among them, Nundies’s focus is largely emphasized on 25-54 year old customers with the targeted segment to be 29669 which account for 80% of the total target market. Most of them have annual income over $25000. According to the survey, more than 36% of women are interested in Nundies product’s idea (plus 41% maybe). They accounted for 13.2 million (plus 15 million) of the target market. 28% of women said they would test this product in stores (plus 49% maybe) and they accounted for 3.7 million (plus 6.5 million) of the market. About 1.07 million target customers would use Nundies 1-2 times a week, 1.3 million would use 3-5 times a week and only 0.7 million would use it 6 or more a week. Users for special make purpose ranked the last with only 0.63 million. As a result, Nundies’s total yearly usage reached 365million or 73 million units.\r\n5. What are the pros and cons of the suggestions identified for Nundies\r\n plan one: Continue development of the women’s boutique and specialty store channel. base on the performance in 2007, sales revenue was $34150, variable toll was $13887, and therefore margin was $20263. Net income equals margin subtr treat fixed write downs which was $14400. So Advanced Materials’s net income achieved $5863 in 2007. As a result if AMI continues its development in women’s boutique and specialty channels, it will result in profit and would possibly be enough for the firm to cover all the fixed expenses. Another scenario for the company is barricade even. The sales of Nundies have to achi eve at least 1618 packages or 8090 units with the total sales revenue of $24283.\r\nPros for this final cause includes it only represent $14400. It is inexpensive and saves courts. excessively it allows AMI to gain more profit on the basis of last year’s performance. Considering the worst case, AMI could still achieve break-even if it sells 8090 packages. This is not a big task so AMI should have no pressure to achieve this goal. Another advantage is that the exhibition and display in these channels would help increase the sales opportunity because Nundies maintain its awareness to customers. This also increases the brand recognition.\r\nCons for this proposal includes as AMI’s agent’s ability and responsibility only restrict to find stores that are impulsive to sell Nundies and collect orders. They are not responsible for any process involved in merchandising Nundies at stores. So many variable factors in retail stores have the potential to affect Nundies sales.\r\n proposition deuce: Pursue the upscale department store channel. There are two types of acquire practice in upscale department which are alter purchase and decentralised buying. In centralized buying, retail sales consultant contact the department store account directly and provide the account information about target market, market size and sales displays. There are three hundred stores in the drawing string of top quintette upscale centralized buying department stores and 350 in the cooking stove of top five upscale decentralized buying department stores. The commission for AMI’s agents on wholesale price would be 12%.\r\nThe cost is much higher compared to women’s boutique and specialty store channel which cost $20000 to $30000 for the sale presentations and retail consultant fees. Other costs such as warehouse, catalogue and pay line cost nigh $35000 to $55000. Based on 2007’s performance, 242 department stores sold 11383 units. Therefore for the 300 centralized buying department stores, an estimated number of 2800 packages can be sold, while for the 350 decentralized buying department stores, an estimated number of 16500 units can be sold.\r\nPros for this proposal are with the number of department stores, Nundies could be more exposed to the target market. Ads and displays would be presented to customers more clearly.\r\nCons includes this channel gets higher costs so the cost of goods sold per unit increase as well. Lower profit is another disadvantage for this channel.\r\n proposition three: wage midlevel department store accounts. Midlevel department store accounts include stores such as JCPenney with grand stores and Kohl’s with approximately 930 stores and they all use centralized buying strategy. Midlevel department stores are treated as house accounts as well and retail sales consultants are involved. This proposal requires Nundies with different package materials and graphics. Also 2 extra liners are included in every package with the selling price to be $8-$10. However the percentage for retail margin remains unaltered as for current department store accounts.\r\nPros are the market size is huge. There are over 1793 stores with centralized buying which is a big market for Nundies. Also the cost of goods sold is discredit per unit.\r\nCons includes this proposal requires to change brand name and packaging. Nundies’s awareness and recognition among customers was a problem all the time. If it changes brand name and packaging, it would overcloud customers. In addition, this proposal requires a increase in the amount of panties but the MSRP do not increase enough. Also the expense is between $25000 to $35000 which is relatively high, means the profit margin is lower. Another con is increase in fees. Nundies need to pay a estimated cost of $35000 to $55000 for department store chains.\r\nProposal four: a confederacy of channels\r\nPro for this channel is that products can be produced and delivered documented and in the right quantity. The combination of channel consist both 300 upscale centralized stores and 1793 midscale centralized stores which means this helps increase advertising and the distribution refinement would reach more customers.\r\nCons: However the higher fees and costs are the major problem. It would cost AMI vast amount of money.\r\nProposal five: style magazine advertising\r\nPros: The extent of earshot for fashion magazine is very wide. 56% of 13 year old above women prefer to purchase product that is recommended by fashion magazines. And the target market for fashion magazines are the same target market for Nundies. So Nundies could take this opportunity to promote its product more efficiently.\r\nCons: The cost is too high to place advertisement on fashion magazines. It costs $115000 and $200000 for Cosmo young woman and Cosmopolitan respectively. So Nundies margin would be very low.\r\nProposal six: metropolitan-area adv ertising\r\nPros: the cost is lower than advertising on magazine. The advertising period is longer. It targets people at large which would attract more potential buyers instead of end users. Also the advertisement is near stores where Nundies are available. It could boost sales in those areas.\r\nCons: it does not focus on its target customers would possibly lead to advertising inefficiency. Also less people seek fashion inspiration from newspapers so newspaper may not be a good media for Nundies.\r\nProposal seven: search engine marketing\r\nPros: when people search relative word to intimate apparel, Nundies will show with a link to its website. This brings Nundies more opportunities as people all around the world would get to know Nundies instead of only where Nundies sells.\r\nCons: reorder rate is less online. And the cost per month is too high. With the selling price and cost of goods sold of Nundies, if the market demand is low, the margin will be lower.\r\n6. What are the li kely sales and profit impact of these proposals?\r\nFor women’s boutique and specialty stores, cost of goods sold per unit is $3.45, with wholesale price of $7. The continual sales cost is $14400 plus 12% commission. And for the worst scenario, the break-even send is 5313 packages which are 26565 liners produced. Therefore the profit at full capacity equals $39800. The second is upscale department stores, cost of goods sold and wholesale price remains the same as boutique costs which are $3.45 and $7 respectively.\r\nUpscale department stores have extra upfront costs which are $195000- $305000. It does not include continual sales cost. For the break-even case, 70422 packages or 352110 liners are produced. Therefore the profit is negative, $179000. Third is midscale department store. The cost of goods sold is lower, $3.26 with lower wholesales price which is $4.65. The upfront costs are $225000-$340000 and no continual sales cost as well. The break-even scenario requires 205 036 packages or 1435252 liners to produce. As a result, the profit comes to negative $265143.\r\n7. What is you recommended course of action? Why?\r\nAs a shoemakers last to the above analysis, boutique stores are the most profitable distribution channels for AMI. Because the entryway cost into this channel is the cheapest. The margins are higher than other proposals. Also, production limits are more compatible in this channel. Furthermore, it is the only feasible proposal that do not require huge expansion. As 13 times the packages sales are required to break-even for upscale department stores and 54 times the Nundies sales are required to break- even for midrange department stores. With limited capital amount, these two proposal seem to be less feasible.\r\nFor the winner of Nundies, AMI could give away free samples to fashion bloggers or youtubers and let them promote the product instead. This would increase the brand recognition and awareness of Nundies, as well as gain a wor d of mouth through these bloggers. Also, another cheaper way to promote Nundies is enforce Youtube to introduce instructions for use.\r\nLet audience know what is it and how to use it instead of in force(p) displaying in the store. As for stores, sales tips should be provide to retailers. And the display should avoid conflux in with other merchandise products and croak more attention getting. Train sales personnel to be informative and to be more proactive to suggesting and demonstrating Nundies to customers. Pamphlets and samples should be offered as well. Nundies can also be advertize using kiosks. As for reorders, AMI could offer deductive reasoning to encourage repurchase.\r\nReference\r\n1. Kerin, R.A., and Peterson, R.A. (2013). â€Å"Nundies case canvas”, Strategic Marketing Problems Cases and Comments International Edition, 2013 Pearson. ISBN13 9780273768944\r\n'

'Kids Need Sports\r'

' fools these days atomic number 18 stuck indoors doors just acting video games, doing home achievement, observation television, and that’s just wrong. Kids should be remote romping frisks, subscribeting some exert while having caper. there ar umpteen reasons nowadays wherefore banters atomic number 18n’t vie or end up finishting variations, such(prenominal) as their parents slang’t compulsion them to play and get hurt, barbarians feel that they campaign aside’t do the playing period or won’t be whatever redeeming(prenominal) at it. A separate reason kids end up quitting variations be experience they don’t like to lose or be on a losing group but as Muhammed Ali once give tongue to â€Å"I never thought almost losing, but now that it’s happened, the neverthe little thing is to do it right” (Ali).This is a good mindset to energize. Playing a playfulness at a peasantly maturate helps the child father a go against leader, squad player, and an athlete that pass on carry on as they get older. Whoever disagrees that kids shouldn’t play sports should consider only the benefits sports bring to a child’s flavour and the people around them. Kids that play a sport are to a greater extent believably to be in healthy, and move over better lovingizing behavior. There are reasons why kids don’t playing sports at an early duration repayable to parents not sanctioning them, and kid end up quitting sports due to injury and the puree of a sport.Sports are a coarse dash for a kid to stay in shape and have fun. Playing a sports at a young senesce has a tummy of health befits. As stated by Family, Youth and corporation Sciences â€Å"According to the Women’s Sports Foundation, girls who participate in sports are less likely to become pregnant as teenagers and are less likely to suffer from depression. There is in addition usher that athletic activity privy decrease the likelihood of developing front cancer and osteoporosis. ”(â€Å"Benefits of Sports for Kids”). Kids that play a sport at a young age are more likely to have better eating habits, and exercise when they train up to an adult.As told by Academic look to Premier. â€Å"Athletes are familiarly less likely than their nonathlete peers to smoke cigarettes or to use marihuana or other illegal drugs (â€Å"Relationships betwixt Youth Sport Participation”). When a kid plays a sport they are often on a team which builds socializing skills and teamwork skills. Routledge â€Å"Around the world, there is evidence of sport/physical activity programmes creation used to re-engage young people in education and society more broadly (â€Å"The role of physical activity/sport”).Kids that play sports learn how to share, be a leader, have capacious team work, and be a better person in both the sport and everyday life. Kid will also have bet ter obedience, and respect to their elders and parents. Sports are a great way to find close friends to babble to play with and they would have the same inte naps and hobbies as the child would have this makes finding friends easier on the child. Parents need to be involved in their child’s life make sure they are up to good; a great way in doing that is to enroll them in a sport.Parents are the one that need to make the push in their child’s life to start playing a sport and finding the sports they would like to play. Often bounteous parents are also the reason why kids aren’t playing any sports. An type would be a mother doesn’t want her kid to play football because they can get injured and she is to overprotective of her child, but parents need to know that they cannot remain their kids in door all the metre this could cause socializing problems, and health problems. As said by Steinberg Academic search Premier â€Å"As a general rule, kids sho uld start playing sports around age 6 (â€Å"Lets play ball! ). There are many reasons why kids quit sports nowadays. Some of the reason are that the kid is under too much stress and got injured and afraid to play again. The kid could be in a great deal of stress with the sports busy work schedule with practices, games, and film. This could be a lot for a kid to handle. Academic OneFile â€Å"If your child is unhappily stuck in a high-stress situation, De Lench advises, allow him or her to quit. â€Å"As adults, we walk outside from situations that arent good for us, and its a healthy lesson to instill your child (â€Å"Not just fun and games”).Kids also should just play seasonal worker a sports not a year round sports so he or she is constantly under stress. Youth sports are essential to a kids’ development to elicit and learn. A child without a sport could have health problem when maturation up and likely to get into more trouble with drugs. The kids also buil d social behaviors and leadership traits that well stick with them for the rest of their lives and good friends along so. The things that are fish fillet kids from playing g sports are parents, cause of injury, and a stressful environment of the sport itself.\r\n'

'Sprint Financial Condition\r'

' dah Nextel alliance is the terce largest wireless communications company in the United States offering a blanket(prenominal) range of wireless and wireline communications products and operate that are designed to insure the necessarily of individual consumers, businesses, and government subscribers. Sprint Nextel Corporation has seen revenues shrink from $35. 6 billion to 32. 3 billion, though the company was able to gravel net income from a evil of $2. 8 billion to a smaller breathing out of $2. billion. A reduction in the circumstances of sales devoted to selling, general and administrative costs from 31. 5% to 29. 30% was a key component in the perforate line growth in the present of falling revenues. Although debt as a percent of total capital increased at Sprint Nextel Corporation over the depart fiscal year, it is still in-line with the wireless telecom services industry’s norm. Additionally, thither are enough liquid assets to touch current obligations .\r\nAccounts Receivable is common for the industry, with an bonny 40 day average arrangement period. Last, inventories seem to be well managed as the inventory processing period is typical for the industry, at 18 days. In rugged economic clock times, Sprint is generating substantial bills and reducing costs to ensure to confront financially sound. They have cash on hand to be able to meet their debt requirements. The company is expected to continue generating overbearing free cash flow during 2009.\r\nSprint Nextel Corporation has been having a rough time trying to keep up with its competitions, AT&T and Verizon. Sprint Nextel has been posting hurt after loss, loss in profit, loss in number of subscribers, and so on, and despite how things appear on the surface, psychoanalyst appear to be optimistic with the future day outcome of Sprint Nextel financial position. in that location is no indication as to how commodious it will take Sprint Nextel to execute this goa l, the numbers are consistently move in a positive direction.\r\n'

'Internet security Essay\r'

'In the developed and developing cosmea, the utilise of the mesh has increased in democraticity. The subroutine of the net has become the preferred modal value of communication and resources for various players c be industries, corporations, telecommunications, and governments and in moving in. In business, the earnings has facilitated pecuniary proceedings that sustain greatly changed the face of business making it fast and unreserved and in con nervous straination to the world-wide village the applied science has way outd.\r\nWith the increased intent of the internet, at that place has been a corresponding increase in cyber criminal sourence from criminals who argon seeking either pecuniary gains or some other advantages for ex group Ale military. The frequency of these ravishs is rattling mettlesome and the levels of sophistication use are great . This makes it difficult for many other(prenominal) organizations to determine in the altogether threa ts, their risk factors and ship deposeal of dealing with the menace (Cetron, et al, 2009). many a(prenominal) measure it is difficult for the organizations to determine which ravishs to deal with first gear and how to all(prenominal)ocate resources to deal with them.\r\nIn the moneymaking(prenominal) sector, attacks on electronic financial legal proceeding form resulted in great financial losses and corresponding reductions in drug user confidence. Electronic transactions consist of silver transfers, data interchange, trade confirmations and benefits transfers. Many plagues that find have plagued the manufacture for years like theft, service denial, extortion demands or fraud. Techno put downarithmy has until now; greatly magnified the ability of study crimes to be committed in a matter of seconds. Electronic credential is an industry that is growth and becoming globalised.\r\nThis industry offers function in the categories of assessment, approach and utilizatio n. To demonstrate the cogency of attacks on April, 2009, Chinese and Russian spies managed to penetrate the United States of America electrical football field and inserted disruptive ready reckoner software into the system (Cetron, et al, 2009). An attack which occurred prior to this one on kinfolk 2008 would have ca apply the crumple of the global preservation were it not for intervention. Unidentified hackers robbed the lucrative Ameri bath financial market accounts a integrality of five hundred and fifty zillion dollars in a little slight than postinginal hours.\r\nIf the accounts would not have been unappealing by the Treasury Department they would have lost almost six jillion dollars. This would have caused the global economy to collapse in approximately twenty four-spot hours. One security threat is phishing. Phishing involves the learning of sensitive reading like passwords, extension card expound, usernames and pin poetry. It makes its presentation as e xistence a legal entity. The trustful victims are lured by receiving communications which declare oneself to be from a popular website or payment processors. It is commonly do done and through instant messaging services or emails (Shu-Min & Shann-Bin, 2006).\r\nThese communications directs the users to enter their elaborate at a fraudulent website which bears a great semblance to the au pasttic one. Phishing attacks were discover on two popular brands which bequeath payment services for banks globally in the United States of America in February 2010. The fraudsters created phishing sites in English and other languages, the most popular being French. These websites targeted customers by sending netmail mails with the hooked proving the card number and claiming that there was a risk of fraudulent transactions taking place. This attack was created using two references of phishing websites.\r\nThe first utilised constant imaging Locators which were created with domain n ames with many unclutter level domain variants. The most popular domain which was utilised was . cz which represented the Czechoslovakian Republic. Upon entering their sensitive information into a card holder page for the fictive verification, the page redirected to the real website. The second attack utilised Uniform Resource Locators with internet Protocol domains which were legioned on servers establish in the United States (Glaessner, 2002). The Uniform Resource Locators’ string were very long, typically with more than 7 hundred characters.\r\nThe pages asked for sensitive data exactly had an simple machine signed debit card or credit card number. This auto signing was done by placing stolen numbers of cards obtained from introductory attacks on the form. Upon recognize of information the page was redirected to a sporting page. Cross site scripting is a form of phishing that occurs in programs or websites that allow user input. If the input data is not mighty sanitized the program may then process thee input or break away the computes which the original program was not to do. This has been used to redirect users to fake websites.\r\n examplers are discuss not to click on risible links in emails and to check the Uniform Resource Locator’s of the website to attest brands. It is withal advised that one should type the brand domain name without delay into the browser address instead of avocation links. The use of security software has alike been recommended. Pharming involves redirecting the redirection of websites avocation and taking it to a insincere website. Pharming is done by either converting the hosts commove on the victims’ electronic computer or exploiting globe Name Systems servers’ software (Basu, 2009).\r\nThese Domain names Systems servers main task is to convert internet names to their real addresses. A via mediad server therefore does not direct traffic to legitimate websites. Highly vu lner qualified sites of compromised are near internet leaves. If wrong entries on a computer’s host file are make it results in circumvention of name lookup using its suffer name to Internet Protocol mapping, this makes it a popular target for malware. Once it is rewritten a user can be redirected to a fake copy. The better targets for pharming are desktop computers as they receive poor judgeship in comparison to most other internet services.\r\nHost file compromises can compromise the network router. Many routers peg Domain Name Systems to nodes on the network and wrong information here spoils the whole local area network. A compromise in routers is very hard to detect. Pharming in like manner occurs by infecting the victim’s computer with malware or a computer virus. This causes the redirection of a website to a fake one. An unsuspecting user may enter information site unaware. To head off pharming, users are advised to search for details that prove that the website is authentic. Typing the sites address into the browser bar to a fault offers some cheerion.\r\nUse of an antivirus to reduce virus infiltration into the computers is as well as recommended. Vigilance is important in warding off attacks. fifth column horse cavalrys are as well as a great threat to internet security. Trojan horses present themselves as valuable software which is available for downloading on the internet. This fools many populate into downloading the virus in the presumption that it is another application. A Trojan horse is usually separated into parts which are the client and the server. The client is usually disguised as important software and is situated in some sharing networks like confederate to peer or uncertified websites for downloads.\r\nAs soon as the client Trojan is executed in the computer, the attacker who is the soul operating the server has great ascendence over the computer and can destruct it depending on his purpose. The counte rpane of the Trojan horse virus can occur through email attachments using various spamming techniques. Malware creators spread the virus through chat software like Skype and Yahoo Messenger. The virus may also infect other machines by distributing copies of itself to those in the address book of the give computer. There are many types of Trojan horses.\r\nRemote access Trojans give attackers stark(a) moderate of he victim’s computer and access to any information stored in the files. Password Trojans copy all passwords and look for passwords as they are discover into a computer and send them to a certain email address. Key loggers log the keystrokes used by victims and send the log information to the attacker and can be configured to online and offline modes of recording. Destructive Trojans cause destructions to files and wipe outs them tout ensemble from infected computers. They are able to delete all system files of a computer (Basu, 2009).\r\nWhile there are other ty pes of Trojans not mentioned here, it should be noted that a Trojan may work with a combination of some of the functionalities explained. To best subjugate a Trojan hose virus attack, one should open email attachments or files received from strange senders. Installing and update an antivirus program is also helpful. For secure electronic online transactions certain criteria have to be addressed and met. There must(prenominal) be secure access misrepresent which determines who has access to a system and be able to disown access to intruders. Proper authentication of users and message integrity must also be established.\r\nPrivacy of the parties involved must also be safeguarded and maintained (Shu-Min & Shann-Bin, 2006). Non-repudiation must be ensured where the sender cannot deny (falsely) sending a message. The use of online signatures has also been manipulated to commit fraud. Electronic signatures are a recognized electronic way of wake that a person has accepted the c ontent of a message sent electronically. These signatures are increasingly being used in electronic commerce and have evolved into digitized signatures which are encrypted and more secure than a simple electronic signature.\r\nWhile they are themselves subject to fraud the purpose of their creation was to fight fraud (Hansen, 1995). Electronic signatures are establish on legal principles which have to be understood by the institutions which wish to use it. The use of digital signatures is a code that authenticates the origins of a document. A well done electronic signature causes the signer to be uniquely identified. It also causes the document to be locked using encryption applied science and is electronically stamped throughout the process with time and date. It also stores the document for access without fear of being lost or its existence denied.\r\nThe security of electronic financial transactions can also be enhanced by the use of digital certificates against phishing and pha rming. To avoid treatment of transactions in signature based online banking, utility of Class-3 electronic card readers should be explored. Virus scanners should be used to protect from Trojan horses. Care when downloading software should be exercised. With the mass adoption of technology, countries around the world are increasingly using proficient based solutions to address their needs and deliver out their functions.\r\nThe use of the internet has created a extremely competitive market. While cyber crime has not infiltrated or integrated itself as in many countries it is an industry that is growing very fast and deserves much global attention (Shu-Min & Shann-Bin, 2006). As earlier discussed, it has the potential of destroying whole markets and creating great havoc. Attempts to control cyber crime have not been concerted. Many challenges have arisen in trying to control this threat. Technology is a fast ever-changing and cyber crime has achieved very high levels of sophi stication.\r\nCyber criminals have designed malware which are virtually unseeable and are difficult to diagnose. It has proved intriguing to design and keep up with these creations (Glaessner, 2002). payable to the high levels of vulnerability to cyber attacks there is an imperative need to formulate clear policies. These policies should complicate guidelines on how to cyber crime is to be dealt with. This should take coming up with laws that leave behind strategy prosecution of cyber criminals due to the potential of these criminals to create damage and go unpunished and detected.\r\nUsers of the internet and the various services it offers should also take in personal responsibility for their own safety device (Cetron, et al, 2009). Studies have shown that the ‘human factor’ is more often than not the cause of the success of cyber crime kind of than advancements in technology. In the United States, disdain various public campaigns on internet security, peo ple continue to be heedless with their personal information. This leaves them very vulnerable to attacks by cyber criminals. Predictions have been made that incidences of cyber crime will continue to increase. Users should therefore be very vigilant in monitoring their information.\r\n bundle to combat cyber crime is available and users should take the initiative to acquire this software to nimble them of suspicious websites or claims. They should also regularly update their software like antivirus which is highly dynamic due to the creation of new viruses and malware that occurs at a very high rate (almost daily). In conclusion, electronic financial transactions have created great savings in terms of financial savings for both providers and users and reduced the wastage of time. The use of this technology has correspondingly exposed its users newer forms of crime and all(prenominal) effort must be made to combat cyber crime.\r\n'

'Kristen Cookie Company Essay\r'

'Yes. If Kristen and roommate house except do their own tune, the goo score( commit by order) they asshole operate is 8 orders a night. But if they mass cross-training, would 1. collect order print and reply roomie 1 minute/order immix ingredients Kristen 6 minutes /max 3trays Spooning cookies onto tray Kristen 2 minutes/tray biscuits in oven roommate 10 minutes/tray Cool blue cookies roommate 5 minutes/tray Pack Roommate 2 minutes/tray Accept compensation Roommate 1 minute/order 2.\r\n(1) Spooning cookies onto tray Cookies in oven\r\n(If get together a 2- cardinals order) age Kristen is spooning cookies onto tray, the first tray she finished nookie get down to roommate to plant into oven. At the recall judgment of conviction, Kristen stand spoon the second tray. (2) (If contract a 2-dozens order) While cooling down the first tray of cookies, roommate bay window put second tray into oven. (3) (If mother a 2-dozens order) subsequently the first tray cool down , can make directly. At the same(p) time, second tray of cookies should be in the oven. 3.\r\nAccording to the answer of fore close question shown. So, amount of time to process a dozen of cookies is 27minutes (1+6+2+10+5+2+1=27) 4.\r\n(1) If Kristen proceed order by order, exit be 8 orders of single dozen per night. 4 hours=240 minutes, 240/27=8.88 orders. (2) If Kristen and roommate can proceed different orders at the same time, that is 240minutes/45 minutes = 5.3\r\n5.3x2orders =10.6, 10 orders\r\nbe able to process much orders. shell shown below for 4hours performance of Kristen and roommate As the chart shown above, 4 hours of cross-training process can almost complete single dozen orders.\r\n6.\r\nIf Kristen and roommate still process order by order(process one order at one time), buying another oven can only reduce the baking time for 2-dozens order, 2-dozens order(time spend) complete orders in 4 hours one oven 1 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 2 + 1 = 37mins 6 two ovens 1 + 6 + 2 + 2 + 10 + 5 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 31mins 7 That’s mean, add another oven can only increase one more 2-dozens order. Therefore, buying another oven is not a good decision.\r\n7.\r\nQuestion 3 is build to work from order to order, that is, Kristen and roommate prep ar to (1) do their own job, and (2) can only process one order at a time. However, in real life, the great unwashed exit try hard to go orders to save the time of process.\r\n8.\r\nWithout labor damage, the ingredients’ cost and the look atage cost are full $0.70. Assume that Kristen and her roommate both receive $10/hour as salary, and receive 15 orders per night. The total cost will be $90.5 per night, and $6.00 per pack of cookie. One pack of fresh cookies (daily made) sold in grocery store is about $3.00-5.00. We can take that Kristen Cookies Company set their price at $6.00 pack. (Kristen and roommate only earn $10/hour/person as salary) point though, the cookie Kristen Cookie Company provides is the freshest and most convenience for students. It is very hard to leave extra profit. The significant problem that Kristen Cookie Company has is that *The producing process is not efficient. Because they are offering a customization service. If they can watch their product line into fewer categories They can switch their delivery system from â€Å"projects ” to â€Å"job shop” .\r\n'

'Food Inc. Documentary Essay\r'

'Food Inc. is a objective directed by Robert Kenner tar rifleed towards the world(a) public closely the ugly truths back end the nutrient industries. The infotainment outlines the procedures taken to plow the solid food that surrounds us, with the aim to expose and convert the basis, footprints, and corruption behind this process. Kenner successfully does this finished several techniques and strategies utilise to persuade and go others to make a difference. Throughout the documentary Kenner covers the basis of how these products are manufactured by many techniques. One of the main techniques used in this piece is correspondence about how the products are truly made. Most do not think to question where it is that the food they eat comes from and Kenner shows just that with statistics, footage, and interviews. He shows the wrong methods used by food industries in order to maximize profit. Methods such as feeding animals food which makes them obese, at a significantly fast and unnatural rate, to the vertex that they cannot stand on their own and their organs are beings crushed. Kenner gains the spectator pump’s good-will by masking footage of these animals in pain, which in turn pushes them towards his point of view on the subject.\r\nAnother technique used by Kenner is the illumination of truth of how these food industries energise corrupted the government as puff up as the farmers to their advantage. He does this by showing his viewers government officials who side with the food industries and in fact used to be a part of them. This documentary overly shows the workers and farmers, most of which are afraid to discourse the crew in fear of losing everything, who take away they have very little restrainer over their farms and the business. One of the farmers even goes as far to say that â€Å"it is degrading; it’s like being a knuckle down to the company”. The narrator also states how at a time these jobs were seen as the best jobs in the solid ground and now they are struggling to get by. He uses real life experiences and facts to easy the eyes of his viewers and is successful in doing so. Once again correspondence plays a big role in this documentary to show the footprints left behind by these companies.\r\nKenner shows footage of people speaking out, who have wooly their loved ones due to illnesses they have gained from the give product, which may have been avoided if not for the unethical procedures used to manufacture it. This immediately gains the viewer’s sympathies towards the families, as well as become more aware of the jeopardy which these companies present. He also shows statistics of the dangers in genetically modified organisms and how they surround us make us more aware of what it is we are eating. One of the main aspects to the documentary that makes it so successful is that Keener gives alternatives. Throughout the documentary the viewers are asking themselves what can they do and he answers this. He shows the benefits to organic foods and the successfulness in farms independent from the big corporations. whole in all, Kenner’s techniques, to spread knowingness of what one consumes as well as promoting beneficiary alternatives, is successful in go forth his audience wanting to make a change.\r\nWork Cited\r\nFood Inc.. Dir. Robert Kenner. Magnolia Home Entertainment, 2009.Film.\r\n'

'Summer Dreamscapes – Creative Writing\r'

'That particular morning, I woke early, earlier than my parents, which was quite an unusual for summer. I had no idea this would be a clearish and very historic day in my life. I lied in bed a few moments, sun showy fulgidly through my metal framed windows, impinging my face, thinking of the beautiful day that waits. I pronto ascended from my queen bed, nearly tripping over the oodles of clothes on my grayish- savoury floor. I hurried to my tooshie rugs; the painted concrete floor under my feet was chilly, move a slight layer of goose bumps up my branchs.\r\nI came to virtu tout ensembley a sudden hitch in the middle of my pink and jet plane trip the light fantastic toe dot painted bathroom after a quick glance bulge out the window. In the verdure out near the multi coloured flower garden, sits a small br induceish-grey cluster of fur. With a closer look, I could easily tell it is a squirrel. Like a statue, the miniature creature was absolutely tranquil. I stretched my arm up to lay my hand on the glass, til now cold from the shadowy night. With a flick of the wrist, I tapped the window, quickly, except not too loud.\r\nIn no more than a second the frightened comminuted ball of fur came alive and quickly scurried up the Elm manoeuvre in the plunk for yard, no longer in sight. After a still laugh, I continued on my way. In the small bathroom, exactly right of the door sat my small porcelain sink with a wooden cabinet underneath. out(a) of excitement and no intent of going to sleep, I had already laid my clothes I had alert to wear that day on the sink. I pulled on a white tank stature, which still carried the relaxing scent out of the lavender and vanilla detergent my develop loved to use.\r\nAfter shating my clumsy feet into brown homely flip-flops, I hear my father career my name. I flipped off the light switch, and hurried out the door. The anticipation only grew in the car arouse to the lake as each leafy green tree and yellow broth passed. I watched with exhilaration as the lake came into sight. I could easily take the majestic blue w haver and countless boats, which looked like white specks on the horizon, and I think to myself, â€Å"This is perfect. ” I begin to smell the lake as we slowly drive forward on the narrow gravel road, escape froms cracking below us, toward our dearie swimming area.\r\nThis particular area was extremely fussy because it was surrounded by stunning bluffs, which I had neer had the courage to leap from in the beginning. These beautiful, rough rock structures had all shades of brown and tan mixed to stayher with visible horizontal lines from multiple years of rock formation. I opened the car door quickly, assay to grab as much as I could to take to the rough concrete picnic display panel. The table, placed nicely under a tree, appeared to have bright green moss growing on it, almost as if it had been under wet at some point.\r\nThe table had an astonishing vi ew of the other side of the lake. From in that location I could await children wearing bright colored floaters and some playing in the sand. In my line if sight, was a small group of people tossing and game around a red, yellow, blue and white bound ball and the sound of laughter in the distance. I start tactile sensationing an empty spot in my brook as my dad prepared the grill. I could smell the charcoal starter mixed with the blackish briquettes as they caught flame. Looking at the lake from my seat, I could see the rainbow waves of heat from the grill, blurring my vision.\r\nI hear the burger patties sizzling and the smell of the beef cooking that brought back all the memories of summers before. I reach below my seat and open the lid of the cooler, plunging my hand into the icy water to grab a cold drink. As I pulled my hand out, I gave it a little shake to get the conclusion of the melted ice water off. My mother pass me a crustal plate and poured the little triangular nacho high mallow potato chips to my plate, they are my favorites. She sat a bowl she had taken from a bag on my plate and grabbed the deep-red tomato ketchup from the cooler and squirted in an â€Å"s” shape on the bun.\r\nAlthough I knew better, I ate in a hurry, even finishing a can of soda, so I could get in the water. I hurried to the moderate of the bluff for a quick peak from the very top. I could see nobody below me but the blue-green glass-like water waiting, calling my name. I had decided long before that soon I was going to brave this hop-skip, and directly is the day. Being the impatient person that I am, I tossed my tank top and flip-flops in the short green grass atop the bluff and walked to the edge for ‘ incisively a look for the last time. I could feel the longing gritty rock beneath my bare feet.\r\nI could feel the anxiousness in the pit of my stomach and the readiness in my reason. I peered over my left wing shoulder for one last glance at my parents, who were absolutely preoccupied at the time. Knowing I was ready, I wanted to think twice but didnt. I gathered all the worship inner myself and took one deep breath. I pushed away from the top of the bluff with all the strength in me. duration seemed to stop, and I take to beed the children playing in the distance and the boats float on the smooth water, although I couldnt have been in the air for more than a few seconds.\r\nI didnt make a sound except the splash when I hit the water, motionless until that instant. I could feel the cool water all over my body, the epinephrine pumping, my mind shocked at what I had just done. I plunged lower into the darkness as the bubbles I had brought down with me raced to the top. My lungs, empty, began to ache and I knew in a split second I needed to get to the surface for air. I caught my breath at the top of the water and knew I had accomplished one of my own goals and conquered my great fear of heights at the kindred time. We left the lake late in the evening, just as the sun began to set.\r\nI had hit a small, yet huge milestone in my life. I knew I could do anything, no matter how much fear I feel, if I just set my mind to it. I always think back to this eventful day when I feel frustrated and remember that I am only limited by what I limit myself. Driving away from the pinkish-purple sunset, I take one last look back and see the suns ornamental reflection on the vitrified water and realize what a wonderful get it on this day has been. I have the memories of the exciting jump and the vivid picture of the colorful sunset invariably in my mind.\r\n'

'Gender Roles in Bless Me, Ultima\r'

'In Bless Me, Ultima Antonio understands sex as a very black and white issue. Just as he disputes with the ideas of religion, good and evil, death, and nature. Antonio struggles with how g wind uper affects his life, and how he lastly must(prenominal) perform a man. The most open example of Antonio’s perspective on gender roles comes with his view of the consummate(a) and God. â€Å"God was not evermore forgiving. He made laws to follow and if you broke them you were punished. The consummate(a) always forgave…The Virgin was full of a quiet, peaceful love…she was a woman…Her voice was pleasantness and gentle…” (44).\r\nAntonio believes firmly that The Virgin is the most sodding(a) form of woman. He prays at her feet every shadow in his living room. At one point, he notices that the paint on the statue is chipping, revealing a form of white underneath. He uses this to indicate that she is consummate(a) in every form. Whenever Antonio thinks about religion, he thinks about the Virgin, and how forgiving she is, and how kind she is. Later on in the book, as he is considering if there can be different types of Gods, Antonia wonders if The Virgin is her own kind of God, and that is better because she is a woman and testament understand more easily.\r\nAntonio is unceasingly reminded of the fact that he must become a man. His puzzle is worried, and his father is counting down the days. save no one seems to be giving him untold of a choice. He provide be educated, he will be a priest, he will be a farmer, he will be a Luna, he will be a Margonz… â€Å"My man of learning!… My baby will be gone today,” she sobbed. â€Å"He will be all(a) right,” Ultima said. â€Å"The sons must leave the sides of their mothers,” she said almost badly and pulled my mother gently. ” (53). Antonio is never allowed to be anything but a man of learning.\r\nEven in his times of struggle with the issue of becoming a man, Ultima is there to aid him. She has no doubt that he will become a good man in time. At one point in the book, Antonio’s mother tells him it is a sin that he become a man, and yet she is also telling him that he must become a man. Her contradicting statements do not helper Antonio with this struggle at all. His older brothers are also a bad influence. All they value is booze, money, and women, and they ask to go wander through foreign cities. Antonio sees the offspring this has on everyone, and decides early on that he won’t be like them.\r\nThe most grave woman in Antonio’s life is Ultima. He holds her to the same standard as he does the Virgin; that she is forgiving, wise and full of love. â€Å"Ultima has sympathy for people, and it is so shade that with is she can touch their souls and cure them. ” (248). To Antonio, Ultima’s pure form of sympathy is equivalent to the pure benignity of The Virgin. â€Å"There i sn’t a family she did not help,” she continued, â€Å"no road was too long for her to walk to its end to snatch somebody from the jaws of death, and not even the blizzards of the llano could progress her from the appointed place where a baby was to be delivered…” (3).\r\nThis is the first time Antonio hears of Ultima, so when he meets her, he is already full of expectations. He is expecting a miracle worker, and he gets one. Antonio learns that his other struggles; religion, life, and death are not so simple. They are more than just black and white. However, he never seems to move beyond the idea of gender role strictness. Women are soft and forgiving, and men are strong. But maybe in his future, he will lean that the roles of men and women are not as black and white as they seem.\r\n'

'Bank Supervision in Nepal Essay\r'

'Banks are the pillars of parsimoniousness in real not bad(p)istic market of a nation. They are prime sources of investment that play springy role in mobilizing resources to an optimum level in business world. The role of banking welkin in economical growth and stability requires continuous and reliable service. In Nepal, Nepal Ratra Bank (NRB) is only an authorized body accountable for the monetary regulation and supervision of all banks and financial institutions authorize by it. It regulates price and balance of payments stability, carry away liquidity, develop a sound payment system, and crowd financial services and financial stability of the nation. The call of information technology (IT) by financial sector creates numerous challenges of managing and governing it in today’s context.\r\nIssues of tackling with changes in technology, migrating system from one to an separate, maintain fitted knowledgeable control system and managing other IT think adventures are emerging in banking sector. Frauds through debit and trust cards, ATM, internet banking, mobile banking have increase the risk of financial loss along with other banking risks. Technology risk is not only bear on with operation risk of the bank, other banking risks like credit risk, reputation risk, compliance risk, market risk, strategic risk are also increased due to it. In this scenario, there must be a rule of thumb to regulate sound and robust risk focus technology that strengthens system pledge, reliability, availability and business continuity.\r\nBanks licensed by NRB should maintain the prescribed level of capital fund while opening branches only at prescribed locations. Every NRB reports submitted by bank should be transparent and must be properly reviewed and affirm by NRB. Credit information bureau of both client must be recorded and submitted to the refer authorities for any credit or add functionalities. To defend illegal users from accessing banking syste m, it is essential to well set up customers to conduct banking operation securely. Similarly, it is also important to prepare other stakeholders including its employees to create effective information security practice.\r\nSummarizing up, NRB being an apex body, it should seriously pursue sundry(a) policies, strategies and actions to maintain the stability in price and unify the balance of payments for sustainable development of the economy of Nepal. The change magnitude complexity of IT in banks creates significant risk to which large risk management comprising of various standard internal control framework, bank’s own necessary and NRB requirement must be implemented. To ensure effectivity of implemented control framework and adequacy of the choose security plan and procedures, banks should conduct Information form (IS) audit annually. They should clearly provide information almost the services, cost, security features, risk and benefits of electronic banking env ironment.\r\n'

'Should Cars Be Banned from City Centers?\r'

'H: immediately we need to discuss an interesting topic is â€Å"do you thginks cars should be banned from city centers. Do you ensure or disagree? In my opinion, I phone cars should not be banned be understanding people cogency not be equal to(p) to get to work. Its dirty that we can not use our cars in the city meat. People susceptibility not like departure on buses to the city centre because teenagers might cause trouble. Or you might not be able to get a seat. Some people might not like going on buses because on that point some clocks dirty and they do not pay off seatbelts so you don’t olfactory property respectable on them.\r\nWhere if you are in your car you feel safer. H . true, I afraid…….. because I pretend that cars should be banned from the city centre because if they were the earth would be a safer place and I would be able to go thither with my family without having to panic slightly people attacking us. I feel that if there wasnâ₠¬â„¢t any cars in the city centre it would become a more child favourable area making kids like me welcome there. It would wangle me happy and no doubt safe.\r\nI study they are more then a full idea because of their help to stop pollution part to cure our world. For a better chance in life P :yes…. But sometimes u can be late because use human beings transport and spent a lot of time for wait H : I ……there is distinctly an urgent need to cut pollution, this could be achieved by developing cleaner fuels and electrically powered cars, and advance people to use public transport where possible. P: yes,you win. easing our reliance on cars is a large idea\r\n'

'Environmental Security: Bangladesh Essay\r'

'Abstract\r\nWhile reading foreignistic Relations I got acquainted with whiley coeval issues which argon re aloney important to lie with with for the belligerent survival of Bangladesh in this age of orbicularization. Bangladesh is a ontogenesis bucolic. It has to perform very c arfully in do to continue a healthy and sustaincapable frugalal system. Bangladesh suffers from twain internal and intertheme nemesiss which ar twain soldiers and non-military. Among them environmental Security (ES) is a calculate of gigantic importance. Be feature environmental calamities are great affright to economic discipline and are besotteds of creating settlement on the donor countries. It is withal controlling congress between articulates and as well creating ten-spotsion between them. So, succession has come to take this issue more signifi screwingtly and take necessary steps fitly. This enquiry authorship contains how environment is having baron over the matt ers of our pastoral; creating counterweight of race with the donor countries; and what Bangladesh should do in pose to overcome the lines to establish better economics.\r\nAck nowadaysledgement\r\nIn order to provide a valid search paper, I deliver taken information from the beat out shits given by the de fo down the stairsment of outside(a) Relations. net has been a great source of information which I maintain mentioned in the split of bibliography. tho I have taken information from BANGLADESH: Non-traditional certificate, By Jyoti M. Pathania, and use speeches of George Kennan, Collin Powell in nearly relevant area. I am grateful to Dr. Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmed (Ch beamman, Governing Council, Dhaka School of economics (DScE); Chairman, Governing Body, P solelyi Karma-Sahayak Foundation). He has given me some drop dead view of the issue of environmental Security. I have apply some information in this research paper from his presentation on The Outcome OF Cancun cl ime Change Conference (COP-16) and Bangladesh. My work has overly been support by Dr. jashim Uddin, General Manager, Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation, who has great experience in the field of development in Bangladesh.\r\n1.0 Introduction\r\n there have been two glide slopees to Security Studies: 1) Traditional rise, i.e., Realist Approach and Non-traditional Approach, i.e., i) Widening Approach and ii) Deepening Approach. Since the end of the mothy fight, there has been renewed interest in what is now called ‘non-traditional’ auspices issues. Among the non-traditional approach to security department studies, the output approach includes that states are functionally like units; states are non like units in terms of capability/power. some(prenominal) are strong and some are weak. Inter-state dealingship is governed by this power differentiation. As a result, disorder is the ordering principle of international politics.\r\nStates are ricochet to adapt to this anarchic system for their survival. However, in childlikening approach the referent object of security is state; state wants to secure state sovereignty, visible found of state (territory, resources and people) and semipolitical system. It simply includes a wide range of non-military threats to state security: both outdoor(a) and internal and military and non-military. The environmental Security evict be referred to this non-traditional approach of security, which is an internal and external non-military threat to a state that urinates huge loss to the physical base of a state, demolishes economic situation and threats the sovereignty of state in this age of globalization.\r\nHence the Environmental Security has become a matter of great importance in today’s world. Environmental security involves assessing the ways in which the quality of environmental systems relate to or impact the overall health and well-being of a state or society. It also refers to the relative protection of the environment from injury or adulteration by manmade or inherent processes receivable to accident, negligence, ignorance, or design from causes that cross national borders and jeopardise the livelihood or health of humans, the functional justness of a state, or the stability of the international residential area.\r\n almostly environmental threats to national and international security dirty dog be traced to man’s activities interfering into natural processes or the natural ecosystem. Some serious threats, however, may have natural origins, only if become exacerbated from man’s activities. Examples of these include hurri fuckinges, earthquakes and floods.\r\nEnvironmental Security (ES) is a matter of great importance since it also controls international relations between states. As late as 1985, the old cold warrior George Kennan Wrote in foreign personal business:\r\nAffairs concerning international relations and national interests in fore ign countries. , identifying the threat to the world environment as one of the two supreme dangers confront man shape. only if it was really in the post Cold War era that the world saw a hammy increase in international activity nigh environmental issues. The United Nations Environmental Program has report that about 170 treaties have been negotiated in fresh historic period on various issues of the global environment. (1)\r\n2.0 immensity of ES target be understood pull ahead by the following statement:\r\nâ€Å"Few threats to public security and survival of the human community are great than those posed by the prospects of cumulative and irreversible abjection of the biosphere on which human life depends. True security bottomlandnot be achieved by mounting buildup of weapons (defence in a narrow thought), exclusively only by providing base conditions for solving non-military problems which threatens them. Our survival depends not only on military balance, but on gl obal cooperation to train a sustainable environment.” Brundtland Commission Report, 1987\r\nIn 1999, Collin Powell emphasise the importance of ES saying:\r\nâ€Å"Sustainable development is a compelling moral and humanitarian issue, but it is also a security imperative. Poverty, environmental abasement and despair are destroyers of people, of society, of nations. This unholy trinity can destabilize countries, even entire regions.”\r\nWe are theatre upon the globe’s life-supporting eco-systems generating body of water system, food, medicine, and clean air etc, but we actually did nothing to maintain this ecosystem. As a result the current and future generations will calculate up severe environmentally induced changes. The change has already started and is testing our traditional concepts and understandings of security, both national and beyond boundaries. In many cases contradicts are direct results of environmental degradation. An some other important d imension of Environmental security is that it knows no state boundary. It affects humankind and its institutions and organizations anywhere and at anytime, which cannot be defended by any means of military defense or political negotiation.\r\n3.0 VARIOUS multinational RELATIONS international relations, study of the relations among states and other political and economic units in the international system. concomitant areas of study within the field of international relations include diplomacy and diplomatic history, international law, ….. crack the link for more information.\r\nTHEORIES ON ENVIRONMENT\r\nA number of International Relations Theories can be applied to the issue of environment. many a(prenominal) of these theories only deal with the environment indirectly, yet it is useful to review the expanding literature of international-relations surmisal as it relates to the environment.\r\nRealism: The two central concepts of Realist theory are power and the national interest. The international society is an anarchical state-system. The system is therefore a self-help one. Realism assumes that states and their commonwealths need natural resources to survive. There is a competition between states for these scarce resources. War is very more than the result of such(prenominal) competition and betrothal. It take to the woodss to â€Å"the struggle for power and peace,” as Hans Morgenthau put it.\r\n(7)\r\nExtreme versions of Realism such as the geopolitical some see chair George Bush’s intervention in Iraq as an attempt to secure the oil resources of the Middle East.\r\n3.1 Malthusianism:\r\ndoubting Thomas Malthus, an 18th century English cleric, bankd that because population grew in geometric progression and food production followed arithmetical progression, there would come a time when population proveth would inevitably outstrip and will cause starvation. Thus it will threat the socio-economic security of a nation.\r\n3.2 Liberalism:\r\nLiberalism focussinges on cooperation. While magnanimousism sees people and states competing for scarce environmental resources, it does so in a more natty way. Thus, â€Å"a liberal ism applied to global environmental politics tends to treat states as combative participantsâ€not unlike corporationsâ€in markets they have accomplished among themselves.” (8)\r\nPrivate enterprise and the market produce skill and save spirit. For cause, the Stockholm Declaration of 1972 forbids states from inflicting environmental disability on each other, because this would be a trespass of the state’s sovereignty.\r\n3.3 Institutionalism:\r\nThis approach also focuses on cooperation. Here the states have a broader sense of self-interest. They focus on the public good. Their enlightened self-interest includes norms, values, principles and expectations which are the ingredients of International Regimes. The states seek mutually acceptable compromises throu gh and through international negotiation. The building of International Regimes can utility the global environment. The Kyoto Protocol of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is a good lesson of international regimes.\r\n3.4 Ecoanarchism:\r\nThis philosophy is humanistic and leftist, and Murray Bookchin is its leading proponent. Ecoanarchists believe that â€Å"the state and ‘big’ crownwork are uncongenial to the autonomy of humans and nature.” (9) Thus to preserve nature it is necessary to break society into â€Å" menial, relatively self-sufficing units.” To help nature these units must practice self-sacrifice and mutual aid.\r\n3.5 Social Naturalism:\r\nThis view sees â€Å" polish and nature as bound together” in a kind of favorable community. Community is used in a very broad sense that includes people, animals, plants, ideas, language, history and the ecosystems. Cooperation between humans and nature is a given. The objective of social naturalism is â€Å"the creation of a cooperative ecological society found to be rooted in the most basic levels of being.” (10) This philosophy strongly resembles the worldview.\r\n3.6 Sustainable Growth:\r\nThe growth of incomes results in economic development. As the nineties dry land fix President Barber Conable put it: â€Å"market forces and economic efficiency were the best way to achieve the kind of growth which is the best antidote to penury.” (12) So according to the neoclassical economist’s dictum â€Å"a rising tide lifts all boats” is associated with the idea that improvements in the general economy will benefit all participants in that economy. The proponents of this theory believe that when the poor of the growth countries become abstruseer then it will reduce squash on the environment. For example, they will be more able and willing to pay the costs of keeping air and water clean. (13)\r\n3.7 Sustainable Development:\r\nThis phrase commencement ceremony appeared in a 1980 report issued by the International union for the Conservation of Nature International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) or World Conservation Union, international organization founded in 1948 to incite the preservation of wildlife, natural environments, and living resources. (14) This approach focuses on the â€Å"needs” of the world’s poor and calls for a sufficient transfer of wealth from the rich countries to the poor, so that the developing countries can deal with the problem of poverty and environmental price.\r\n3.8 The Steady-State Economy:\r\nHerman Daly proposed this alternative approach which focuses not on more goods, but on the specialty and longevity of goods. More goods are wasteful and cause environmental degradation. It calls for recycling and the minimal exploitation of biological and physical resources. Daly’s unit is the nation-state, and each country must se ek to be self-sufficient and legislate only its own natural resources. (15)\r\n3.9 Radical Redistribution:\r\nThis theory believes that environmental degradation is the result of excessive wealth, the injustices of capitalist economy and the income inequality between the rich and the poor nations. In 2005, a typical American consumed 51 generation as oftentimes energy as a typical Bangladeshi. (16) Consequently, two things need to be done. First, the rich must drastically reduce their consumption so as not to burden the earth’s resources and environment. Second, the rich much transfer massive amounts of capital and technology so that the poor countries can grow economically and preserve the environment.\r\n3.10 Ecosocialism and Eco-Marxism:\r\nNot surprisingly, ecosocialists and ecomarxists blame capitalism for environmental degradation. Capitalism is seen as inherently anti-ecological and anti-nature. For pursuit cheaper raw materials and fatter profits they impose wast es onto nature. Thus the trend of production matters for the environment. They â€Å"emphasize people’s incorporated power as producers, which directly involve local anesthetic communities (particularly urban) and increase democracy, which enlist the labour movement and which are aimed particularly at economic life.” (17)\r\n3.11 Ecofeminism:\r\nAlthough many ecofeminists are not Marxists, they are all leftists or liberal in their philosophical orientation. For ecofeminists â€Å"the domination of women and nature are inextricably linked.” (18) â€Å"Feminine suffering is universal because maltreat done to women and its ongoing denial fuel the psycho-sexual revilement of all Othersâ€races, children, animals, plants, rocks, water, and air.” (19)\r\n3.12 Ecocentrism:\r\nEcocentrists believe that humans cannot survive without nature. galore(postnominal) ecocentrists are advocates of wilderness or â€Å"wildness.” As enthalpy David Thoreau note d: â€Å"In wildness is the preservation of the world.” (20)\r\n3.13 Biopolitics:\r\nThe origins of biopolitics can be found in the writings of Michel Foucault. harmonize to Mitchell Dean, a follower of Foucault, biopolitics â€Å"is concerned with matters of life and death, with ingest and propagation, with health and illness, both physical and mental, and with the processes that sustain or retard the optimization of the life of a population.” (21)\r\nThese are some of the basic environmental philosophies that take to mean the global environment and structure practices and policies. Many of these conflict with one another and have diverse score of the reasons for environmental degradation.\r\n4.0 A case of Bangladesh:\r\nThe first part of this research paper dealt with the security agenda and the philosophies involving ES. Scarcities of renewable resources can generate civil violence and conflict; the degradation of renewable resources causes environmental insuffici ency; decently groups take over precious resources while piddling groups move around to ecologically sensitive areas. Moreover environmental scarcity proves the difference between social groups. much(prenominal) situation affects political scienceal institutions and states by making it economically weak. Even environmental scarcity can cause ethnic conflicts. Accordingly the International community can be indirectly affected by these conflicts produced by environmental scarcity. (22)\r\nIn the second part I will focus on Bangladesh regarding the issues of environment security. Ours is a country which has to face both external and internal, and military and non military threats. Bangladesh achieved its independence through a devastating war against Pakistan which resulted gazillions of death and around ten million refugees to India. Even after the war Bangladesh has been facing military threat from the Shanti Bahini of Chittagong cumulus Track (CHT).\r\n insurrectionist warfare between the rebels and gird force of the government in CHT and civil conflicts between the Bengali and Non-Bengali residents of this home base continue till today. The most recent armed conflict between the Bengali and Non-Bengali residents happened on nineteenth January 2011; where 6 (six) were killed. Such situation threatens the stability of a state. Circumstances become more vulnerable when environmental degradation doubles the pain. The independent Bangladesh has been facing environmental calamity since 1974. In 1974 famine raged over and was and aggravated by a flood. Later on, the degradation only increased and in recent years Bangladesh has seen devastating cyclones and floods.\r\nThe security of Bangladesh must depend on sustainable environment in many ways. Environmental degradation will badly affect economic development, erode social cohesion. Even political institutions face threat. Population growth and lack of economic opportunity will cause demographic displacemen t both within the country and outside. Migration in other country can cause bilateral conflict Bangladesh is also bearing the result of environmental problems of neighbor countries.\r\nSuch situation in water sector is already exacerbating regional tension with India. It can lead to harmful progress towards regional security and can instigate regional cooperation on the other hand. We have to remember that the linkage of environment and security in Bangladesh is through economics and politics. The greater the environmental degradation in Bangladesh the greater will be the political and economic deterioration, thus leading to more national and international insecurity.\r\n5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN BANGLADESH\r\nBangladesh posses a cloud of security problems, which are no longer of formulaic nature but have non-conventional nature i.e. Non-traditional security issues which are in the state of constant evolution. These are economic, environmental, political and territorial threat s.\r\n5.1 Population\r\nThe greatest problem that Bangladesh faces is an unusually large population in a small land area. The population grew from 42 million in 1951 to about 147 million in 2005. (23) It is communicate to reach 166 million in 2015. (24) The population assiduousness is 1019 per square(a) kilometer. When one compares this with 2 persons per sq. km. in Australia, 3 in Canada, 31 in USA, 191 in Pakistan and 324 in India, one becomes aware of the tremendous crush of population in Bangladesh. The faster the population increases, the more would be the negative effects on its environment. Zero population growth could serve for the environment in Bangladesh.\r\n5.2 commonwealth and Soil\r\nAs noted earlier, Bangladesh covers a small area of only 144,000 square kilometers, but 63% of the total land is arable because it is located in the largest delta in the world. Formed by the three justly riversâ€the Ganges, Brahmaputra and the Meghnaâ€it is also â€Å"the younge st and the most active delta in the world.” (27) Although Bangladesh is a flat alluvial plain, it does have complex stigma condition and land pattern.\r\nErosion of land by rivers is a serious problem in Bangladesh. each year cod to strong summer winds, sizeable waves and shifting rivers super Cs of acres of land are decay away, leaving thousands of families homeless(prenominal) and contributing to the pattern of in large quantities migration towards the urban areas, primarily to the capital city Dhaka. simply it only creates instability in the society.\r\n5.3 Deforestation\r\nMany decades ago Bangladesh had rich tropical forests. But due to population growth and the need for firewood and timber, the forests have become quickly depleted. Currently the forest area comprises 13,000 square kilometers, about 10.2% of the total land space, which is much less than the universally accepted minimum of 25%. (28) set in the southwest of Bangladesh, the Sundarbans is a mangrove , large tropical evergreen tree, genus Rhizophora that grows on muddy tidal flats and along protected ocean shorelines. It is the home for of the celebrated Royal Bengal Tiger as well as other rich flora and fauna.\r\nThe United Nations has declared the Sundarbans as a world heritage aim because of its rich biodiversity. Besides, the tropical rain forests in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, home to high value timber, rich botany and wild animals. Many animals are being rapidly depleted due to demand from both agribusiness and industry. The Chokoria Sundarbans in the southeastern part of the country near the port-city Chittagong were completely destroyed in the 1980s and 1990s in order to facilitate shrimp farming.\r\n5.4 drought & Floods\r\nIt is ironic that during the monsoon season Bangladesh has too much water and during the winter months too little water when no rainfall occurs. Thus the country is subject to both floods and drought. Barendra Bhumi of the northern part of ou r country is an example for drought affect. Because of drought people are ineffectual to continue agricultural work and suffer from monga (unemployment). It also causes huge migration towards the capital city and other cities. labored drought also causes desertification in this area.\r\nOn the other hand, in the rainy season Bangladesh suffers from too much water. About 1360 billion cubic meters of water is dispatch annually through the GBM system, 93% of which flows through Bangladesh. If all the water did not flow into the sea, the country had been under 32 feet of water. The 230 rivers with their numerous creeks and rivulets attempt to drain the water into the call for of Bengal But the situation of rivers, the low river gradients in the flat plain and strong backwater effects remit the passage to the sea, giving rise to the overflowing of the riverbanks. every(prenominal) year there are floods, in some years it becomes extreme due to extra dour rainfall.\r\n5.5 Storms & ; Cyclones\r\nBangladesh faces huge destruction due to storms and cyclones. The cyclones mainly hit the coastal region. Several severe cyclones emerge from the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. The funnel shape of the Bay increases the intensity, often blowing in excess of 240 km per hour and creating tidal bores 9 km high. One of the wipe up cyclones occurred on November 12, 1970, killing an estimated 300 hundred thousand people in addition to major damage to livestock, poultry, crops and vegetation. (30) The most recent examples can be SIDR (2007) and AILA (2009).\r\n'

'Meat Vending Business Plan\r'

'EXECUTIVE SUMMARY melody Name:WENDORS core V confinesinusing clientele overlay:BISU Bilar Campus †Zamora, Bilar, Bohol Nature of Business:Meat Vending habitus of Ownership:Sole Proprietorship Prop hotshotnts: Wendell Doria VISION A naughty feel argumentation that forefronts in providing comminuted attend tos to the nodes and to be one of the top near well comen producer of pith non meet in our town still completely over Bohol and the Philippines. MISSION To take on the clients ineluctably and tutelage the strong relationship with the customers as well as improving the services we offer. GOALS 1.Maintain the just reputation of the communication channel. 2. To go steady the reasonable exonerate profit by the end of the year. 3. To meet the highest satisfaction rate from the customers. 4. To offer the vanquish quality affection. Business overview Meat offers valuable nutrients including protein, iron, coat and b vitamins. (according to the American m eat institute. ) Your trend essentials proteins to build healthy muscles, swot and skin as well as produce hormones and synthesize vitamins . Meat provides you with home-iron a type of iron that is easier for your body to kowtow and not found in non meat beginnings corresponding veggies and beans.Zinc helps your immune systems function properly while the B vitamins group helps regulate the immune systems an release energy. pork barrel is the edible flesh of domesticated hog or go through. It is the meat from the hogget/swine/hog meant to be eaten fresh. habit of pork in moderate quantities is helpful in gaining energy. It is good for skin, eyes, nervous system, bones and mental performance. inlet of pork in like manner ensures better immunity to body due to presence of essential antioxidants. The colours of the meat and the fat of pork be regarded as much appetizing, while the taste and smell atomic morsel 18 expound as sweeter and cleaner.It is also considered ea sier to digest. In rural tradition, pork is shared to celebrate important occasion and to form bonding. pork is a choice of protein that can satisfy both the gourmand and diet-conscious consumer. Pork has been a actu ally popular source of food all by means of antiquity. Pork isnt fatty meat †in fact, its one of the leanest meats available. Pork is also an important source of iron, zinc and protein. Pork is a food choice that is just as good for little ones as for adults and teenagers.Its high nutritional value contributes to kids higher need for proteins, minerals and vitamins end-to-end their growth, and reinforces their immune system. Following are some the profound nutritional facts with regard to pork: * Pork has a high mineral content of Phosphorus, Selenium, Sodium, Zinc, Potassium and Copper. * The 2 minerals which are present in good quantities are Iron and Magnesium, while Calcium and Manganese are found in traces only. * Pork is highly enriched with Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Thiamine, Niacin, hepatoflavin and Panatothenic Acid.However, Vitamin A and Vitamin E are found in very small amounts. MARKETING ASPECT commercialize place place Situation Pork is in high study especially in the school days since the mug market are the eating households, faculty and staff, students, canteen and dwelling consumers in and out of the school campus. The restaurant possessors are of high percentage of beg because the students prefer to debase viands in the restaurants and canteen in all meal than cooking for their own. And because of that, they are in need of pork for their additional menu as their source of income as well. muffket NeedsThe project provides consumers quality pork and lechon that suit their daily intake. This aims to fulfil the benefits important to consumers. It result also provide quality, leaner and fresh pork as a staple food and de standr-coloreds erstwhile a hebdomad to the target market that the post would be a steady supplier position Market The target market are those individuals who would equivalent to eat meat. The contingent customers are restaurant owners, canteen, faculties and staff, students, family line customers who are go forthing to buy and pay at a reasonable price. Target Demand work out 1. Target Demand submit of Raw MaterialsThe owner forget purchase boar weighing 60-110 kgs for every carnage from family backyard raisers and Carmen Public Market every week. To project for a steady supply, the take chances leave behind rise a steady supplier and purchase it triplet days before the operation. Supply of the Proposed Product The WENDORS deal business depart supply once a week to the target market like restaurant and canteen, specifically every Tuesday for regular schedule. The jeopardy also accepts orders.. Product Offering The proposed meat vending volition sell pork and early(a) parts. It will be behave directly to the target market .The primary(prenominal) t arget markets are the restaurant owners and canteen, faculty and staff. It will also offers by-products of pork such(prenominal) as the head, intestines, liver and feet. merchandise system The venture applies some schema in marketing the product. The virtually risky of pose up this kind of business is the collection of sales. The business cannot assure of blow% change even though that the venture will make a insurance policy that it should be in cash basis. So the venture will allocate an amount in eccentric of the delay of payment. Venture will fairly give customers and practice a personalized service to its customers and audition to believe on the aying customers are always right. . Marketing Mix The proposed business is comprised of the following(a) approaches to product, price, place of dispersal and promotion. Product. Pork and some parts of the copper such as the head, liver, intestines and feet are the main products to be offered to the likely target market. Pr icing. It should have reasonable determine in order to develop market. The customers who paid in cash bases can avail discounts of 10% for the pork and some other part. The customers who apply assent and instalment basis will be habituated 7 days to pay. The pricing will greatly de saved on number market price.Place of Distribution. The product can reach to the customers with direct selling. The product will be delivered to the possible target market in the scope area. Promotion. The venture will use posters and stickers. It will also act in polling to the target market for the abutting operation. SWOT Analysis Strengths * Presence of skilled workers * justifiedly location * High demand * High quality meat * High level of personalized service Weaknesses * Limited current wholesale accounts. * No march area or permanent location. * The supply of meat is seasonal. * High percentage of debt or in credit term. Opportunities * Few competitors Possibilities of good profit * Hig h demand Threats * Shortage of tender significants at a given time * Increasing economic status * admonishing government law * Swine deceases Channel of Distribution routine 2. Channel of Distribution (Direct exchange) accede 1. Pricing Strategy Pork| hard currency Basis (P)| Credit Basis(P)| tip| 100. 00| P110. 00| Meat with bones| 170. 00| clxxx. 00| coloured| 170. 00| 180. 00| catguts| 80. 00| 90. 00| Feet| 120. 00| 130. 00| Demand and Supply Analysis periodical Demand| | June| July| Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | March| April| whitethorn| | n| 2| 2| 2| 2| 3| 3| 4| 3| 2| 2| 2| 2| | | 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| 90| | Q| 180| 180| 180| 180| 270| 270| 360| 270| 180| 180| 180| 180| | position: the remand represents the monthly demand for pork (averaging) where  n   =   number of pigs q   =   no. of kilos Q   =   represents total demand for your product. get across 6 communicate Monthly Sales(P)| Months| sales| January| 36,396. 00| February| 24,264. 00| March| 24,264. 00| April| 24,264. 00| whitethorn| 24,264. 00| June| 24,264. 00| July| 24,264. 00| expansive| 24,264. 00| September| 24,264. 00| October| 36,396. 00| November| 36,396. 00| December| 48,528. 00| summarize| 351,828. 00| bank line: the above table represents the monthly sales proficient ASPECT Operation Strategy Since the possessor had no experience about(predicate) slaughtering a pig he decided to train an honest person in this field . The proponent had talk to Mr . Edie Mangayaay to help us in this matter. He is the one to slaughter the pig with the concord salary of P5. 00/kg of live pig. It is not necessary to build our own slaughter house because it is quite expensive and time constitutely, we have agreed that the operation will be done in proponents house . The place is so appropriate for slaughter because of its abundant water supply and large area.The p roponents will directly deliver the product to the target market once a week. . doing Process purchasing . The venture will first purchase live pig as a raw veridical for operation. The purchaser will go to the suppliers every week and negotiate the price per kg. of live weight. Then it will be transported for slaughtering and roasting. Slaughtering. It will be done in the butcher’s house. Since, the proponents are not expert in this activity; the venture will hire an expert slaughterer. Packing. After slaughtering the pig, it will be chop up in any cuts as what the orders required.It will be jam-packed in plastic cellophane aft(prenominal) weighing. Distribution. The packed pork will be delivered and distributed to the target market according to their order and suggested cuts and part of pig. Figure 3. Production Process tabular array 2. descend labor party Requirement. present| Number| Monthly Salary (P)| inwardness annual Salary(P)| Manager/Cashier| 1| 500. 00| 6,000. 00| Distributor/ pollster| 1| 400. 00| 4,800. 00| Purchaser/Collector| 1| 400. 00| 4,800. 00| Total| 4| P 2,500. 00| P15,600. 00| (note: operation is twice a week) Table 3. Fixed Investment and disparagement Charges Equipment/tools| Qty. expenditure/unit (P)| Total (P)| Life Span| depreciation represent (P)| Monthly depreciation| Weighing home| 1| 1,200. 00| 1,200. 00| 3| 400. 00| 33. 33| Styrofoam box| 2| 500. 00| 1,000. 00| 1| 1,000. 00| 83. 33| Good knife| 1| 450. 00| 450. 00| 1| 450. 00| 37. 50| TOTAL| | | P2,650. 00| | P1,850. 00| 154. 16| Table 4. Operation Schedule. Days| Time| Activities| Monday| 8:00 a. m. -10:00 a. m. | Slaughtering of pig| Wednesday| 3:00 p. m. -5:00 p. m. | Roasting| note: The table above is the regular schedule of the operation. Table 2. apostrophize of Operation. | Monthly (P)| Direct Material| 17,100. 00| Direct Labor| 900. 00| exile | 1,360. 00| intercourse | 300. 00| Total cost of operation| P19,660. 00| Table 3. Administrative and Sell ing write downs. | Monthly(P)| Depreciation of operating equipment| 154. 16| Supplies| 133. 00| Total selling and administrative get down| P 287. 16| Table 7. Supplies for the whole year outlay Description| Units| Unit bell (P)| Total comprise (P)| Journal, Ledger, Record book| 4 packs| 35. 00| 105. 00| Calculator| 1 pc| 150| 150. 00| Ball pens| 15pcs| 5. 00| 75. 00| Pencils| 6 pieces| 6. 50| 39. 00| Bond Paper-Short| 1ream| 220. 00| 220. 00| basicr| 1 pc| 72. 00| 72. 00| Staple Wire| 5 boxes| 12. 0| 60. 00| Liquid Eraser| 3 pieces| 40. 00| 120. 00| Plastic Cellophane| 25 packs| 30| 750. 00| Total| | | P1,591. 00| Note: The above office supplies are to be apply for one year. Communication (Cellular Phone) This is necessary to maintain good connection with the customers and the proprietor itself so that there will be a good relationship surrounded by them. It is one of the best asset of the venture in enhancing their customer service and personalized relationship with the cus tomer because this will help a tidy sum in achieving their goals and aside from that it will help a lot in communicating each employees. This would help customers and the owners in the distribution of the products. The venture will used discourse N’ Text paywork with an estimated monthly lodge of P300. 00 load. exile The business earnings depend on the distribution and selling of the finish products. To reach the customer’s location or selling areas, the cost of transportation will be allocated. Good path in the transportation of the products lies the business growth. It’s only delivering once a week and purchase raw material once a week. Table 8. Transportation Expense Transportation Expense| Rate per kg. nd head (P)| Kgs and no. of person| hebdomadary Expense (P)| Monthly Expense (P)| Pork:Freight of the Purchased go through for slaughter| 1. 00| 90 kgs| 90. 00| 180. 00| Transportation of the Purchaser| 150. 00| 1| 150. 00| 300. 00| Distributors/Collect ors Transportation| 100. 00| 1| 100. 00| 200. 00| TOTAL| | | P340. 00| P680. 00| Table 9. Projected Monthly Sales of Pork Sales of a 70 kgs. of pig| Pork| Percentage| Weight, kg. | monetary value/kilo (P)| Weekly Sales(P)| Monthly Sales(P)| Meat w/ bones| 65%| 45. 5| P170. 00| P7,735. 00| P30,940. 00| straits| 8%| 5. 6| 100. 00| 560. 00| 2,240. 00| Liver| 3%| 2. | 170. 00| 357. 00| 1,428. 00| Intestine| 5%| 3. 5| 80. 00| 280. 00| 1,120. 00| Feet| 6%| 4. 2| 120. 00| 504. 00| 2,016. 00| TOTAL| 87%| 60. 9| | P9,436. 00| P37,744. 00| Sales of a 100 kgs. of wild boar| pork| Percentage| Weight kgs. | Price/kilo(P)| Weekly sales(P)| Head| 8%| 8| 100. 00| 800. 00| Meat /bones| 65%| 65| 170. 00| 11,105. 00| Liver| 3%| 3| 170. 00| 510. 00| Intestine| 5%| 5| 80. 00| 400. 00| Feet| 6%| 6| 120. 00| 720. 00| TOTAL| 87%| 87 kg. | | 13,535. 00| Sales of a 80 kilos of pig| Pork| %| Weight kg| Price per kilo(P)| Weekly sales(P)| Head| 8%| 6. 4| 100. 00| 640. 00|Meat/bones| 65%| 52| 170. 00| 8,840. 00| Liver| 3%| 2. 4| 170. 00| 408. 00| Intestine| 5%| 4| 80. 00| 320. 00| Feet| 6%| 4. 8| 120. 00| 576. 00| Total| 87%| 71. 2 kg. | | 10,784. 00| | | Sales of a 90 kilos of pig| Pork| %| Weight kg| Price per kilo(P)| Weekly sales(P)| Head| 8%| 7. 2| 100. 00| 720. 00| Meat/bones| 65%| 58. 5| 170. 00| 9945. 00| Liver| 3%| 2. 7| 170. 00| 459. 00| Intestine| 5%| 4. 5| 80. 00| 360. 00| Feet| 6%| 5. 4| 120. 00| 648. 00| Total| 87%| 78. 3kg. | | 12,132. 00| | | Purchases Months| Purchases| January| 25,650. 00| February| 17,100. 00| March| 17,100. 00| April| 17,100. 0| whitethorn| 17,100. 00| June| 17,100. 00| July| 17,100. 00| August| 17,100. 00| September| 17,100. 00| October| 25,650. 00| November| 25,650. 00| December| 34,200. 00| TOTAL| 247,950. 00| | | Note: the following are the purchases of live pig every month @P95 per kilo. | | Proportion of a Live Hog Not all of the pig is edible pork. On average, about 87% of a hog make it from the pen to the pan. A 70-kg hog will yield somewhat 60. 9 kgs of retail cuts. Around 13% of a hog’s live weight is tough product removed during the slaughter and dressing surgical procedure bringing our 70 kgs. live hog to 60. kgs. dressed. The other internal organs, hair, blood, and other inedible products account for most of this loss. Once the carcass is sanitarily dressed, it is hung on a aim and placed into a cooler where it is quickly chilled after cutting. ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECT Legal Form The proposed business will be in a doctor proprietorship form. It is a business in which the owner is also the employees at the kindred time. And because of multi task the proprietor hires an part †time employee. The duties is divided according to their expertness/stability and have equal input to major decisions.The venture is owned by Wendell B. Doria. Organizational mental synthesis Figure 4. Organizational Structure Responsibility ground substance Position| Qualifications| Responsibilities| Owner | | * Formulate short term and long term plans, * develops strategies to guide employees towards attaining goals and objectives, *makes major decisions concerning the operations, * utilise policies assigns tasks to be accomplished by employees * the owner is the same time the cashier and bookkeeper| Distributor-| * hardworking and industrious| * deliver the products to the target market| Canvasser/Purchaser †. * hardworking, * know to negotiate other people, * physically fit| * canvass orders for the next operation and * purchase raw material| Collector-. | * industrious *hardworking * know basic mathematics| * collect receivables| Butcher/Labor- Mr. Edie Mangayaay| * physically fit, *hardworking, expert on slaughtering and roasting, * has experience on the said activities| * slaughter the pig * roast the pig, * cut the pork and roasted pig | Table 14. Project Timetable Activities| Days| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| Preparing Business Plan| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | getting fun ds| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Securing Business permission| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | acquire of equipment and supplies| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Purchasing of raw material| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Start of operation| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | establishment and Legal Requirements The following are the fees to the government for the permits ; clearances: Table 15. Licenses and Permit Type of business license/permit/registration| Fees (P)| Mayor’s Permit| 800. 00| jurisprudence Clearance| 100. 0| Barangay Clearance| 100. 00| TOTAL| P 1,000. 00| FINANCIAL ASPECT Financial assumptions: 1. Revenue: all revenue are derived from the sale of meat 2. Cost of raw material, supplies ; salaries remains constant throughout the period. 3. Labor ; Transportation expense will depend on the number of kilos slaughtered 4. The business assumes cash basis but also accept credit within a limited period. Project Cost I. Pre-Operating Expense Business Plan Preparation1,000. 00 Busi ness Permit and Licenses1,000. 00 Total Pre-Operating Cost 2,000. 00 II. Fixed Assets RequirementTools and Equipment 2,650. 00 Total Fixed Assets Requirement 2,650. 00 III. functional seat of government Requirement-1 month operation Transportation 680. 00 Communication 300. 00 Supplies Expense 133. 00 Salary Expense 2,500. 00 Purchasing of Pigs: 90 kgs. X 2 Live weight @95 kgs. 17,100. 00 Labor Expense 900. 00 Total Working Capital 21,613. 00 TOTAL PROJECT COST P 26,263. 00 Income recital ?| June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | April | May | TOTAL| Sales | 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 36,396. 00| 36,396. 00| 48,528. 00| 36,396. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 351,828. 00 | Less cost of goods sold | 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 25,650. 00| 25,650. 00| 34,200. 00| 25,650. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 247,950. 00 | Gross Profit | 7,164. 00| 7,164. 00| 7,164. 00| 7,164. 0 0| 10,746. 00| 10,746. 00| 14,328. 00| 10,746. 00| 7,164. 00| 7,164. 00| 7,164. 00| 7,164. 00| 103,878. 00| Less Expenses| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 0. 0 | Sell ; Admin Exp. | 4,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 2,633. 00| 33,596. 00 | communi| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| 300. 00| ? | Depreciation| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| 154. 16| ? | Transpo expense| 680. 00| 680. 00| 680. 00| 680. 00| 1,020. 00| 1,020. 00| 1,360. 00| 1,020. 00| 680. 00| 680. 00| 680. 00| 680. 00| 9,860. 00 | Labor Expense| 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 1,350. 0| 1,350. 00| 1,800. 00| 1,350. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 13,050. 00 | Total Expenses| 6,667. 16| 4,667. 16| 4,667. 16| 4,667. 16| 5,457. 16| 5,457. 16| 6,247. 16| 5,457. 16| 4,667. 16| 4,66 7. 16| 4,667. 16| 4,667. 16| 61,955. 92 | Net Profit | 496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 5,288. 84 | 5,288. 84 | 8,080. 84 | 5,288. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 41,922. 08 | Note: The table shows the monthly net income Cash Flow ?| Pre †Op | June | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | CASH INFLOW | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? Owners Equity | 26,263. 00 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Cash Sales | ? | 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 36,396. 00| 36,396. 00| 48,528. 00| 36,396. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| 24,264. 00| Total cash Inflows | 26,263. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 36,396. 00 | 36,396. 00 | 48,528. 00 | 36,396. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 24,264. 00 | CASH bombardment | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Pre Op. | 2,000. 00 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? Fixed Ass et | 2,650. 00 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Purchase | ? | 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 25,650. 00| 25,650. 00| 34,200. 00| 25,650. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| 17,100. 00| Labor exp. | ? | 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 1,350. 00| 1,350. 00| 1,800. 00| 1,350. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| 900. 00| Selling and admin | ? | 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| 2,933. 00| Transpo | ? | 680. 00| 680. 00| 680. 00| 680. 00| 1,020. 00| 1,020. 00| 1,360. 00| 1,020. 00| 680. 00| 680. 0| 680. 00| 680. 00| Total Cash outflow | 4,650. 00 | 21,613. 00 | 21,613. 00 | 21,613. 00 | 21,613. 00 | 30,953. 00 | 30,953. 00 | 40,293. 00 | 30,953. 00 | 21,613. 00 | 21,613. 00 | 21,613. 00 | 21,613. 00 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Net Flow cash | 21,613. 00 | 2,651. 00 | 2,651. 00 | 2,651. 00 | 2,651. 00 | 5,443. 00 | 5,443. 00 | 8,235. 00 | 5,443. 00 | 2,651. 00 | 2,651. 00 | 2,651. 00 | 2,651. 00 | Add. Beg. balance | †| 21,613. 0 | 24,264. 00 | 26,915. 00 | 29,566. 00 | 32,217. 00 | 37,660. 00 | 43,103. 00 | 51,338. 00 | 56,781. 00 | 59,432. 00 | 62,083. 00 | 64,734. 00 | culture cash balance | 21,613. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 26,915. 00 | 29,566. 00 | 32,217. 00 | 37,660. 00 | 43,103. 00 | 51,338. 00 | 56,781. 00 | 59,432. 00 | 62,083. 00 | 64,734. 00 | 67,385. 00 | BALANCE SHEET ?| Pre-op. | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | April | May | Cash | 21,613. 00 | 24,264. 00 | 26,915. 0 | 29,566. 00 | 32,217. 00 | 37,660. 00 | 43,103. 00 | 51,338. 00 | 56,781. 00 | 59,432. 00 | 62,083. 00 | 64,734. 00 | 67,385. 00 | Fixed Asset | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | 2,650. 00 | Depreciation | ? | (154. 16)| (308. 32)| (462. 48)| (616. 64)| (770. 80)| (924. 96)| (1,079. 12)| (1, 233. 8)| (1,387. 44)| (1,541. 60)| (1,695. 76)| (1,849. 92)| Total current assets | 24,263. 00 | 26,759. 84 | 29,256. 68 | 31,753. 52 | 34,250. 36 | 39,539. 20 | 44,828. 04 | 52,908. 88 | 58,197. 72 | 60,694. 56 | 63,191. 40 | 65,688. 24 | 68,185. 08 | Pre operating exp. | 2,000. 00 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Total assets | 26,263. 00 | 26,759. 84 | 29,256. 68 | 31,753. 52 | 34,250. 36 | 39,539. 20 | 44,828. 04 | 52,908. 88 | 58,197. 72 | 60,694. 56 | 63,191. 0 | 65,688. 24 | 68,185. 08 | Liabilities and owners fairness | ? | ? | ? | . | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Total Liabilities | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Owners Equity | 26,263. 00 | 26,263. 00 | 26,759. 84 | 29,256. 68 | 31,753. 52 | 34,250. 36 | 39,539. 20 | 44,828. 04 | 52,908. 88 | 58,197. 72 | 60,694. 56 | 63,191. 40 | 65,688. 24 | Income | ? | 496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 5,288. 84 | 5,288. 84 | 8,080. 84 | 5,288. 4 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | 2,496. 84 | TOTAL LIABILITY AND CAPITAL | 26,263. 00 | 26,759. 84 | 29,256. 68 | 31,753. 52 | 34,250. 36 | 39,539. 20 | 44,828. 04 | 52,908. 88 | 58,197. 72 | 60,694. 56 | 63,191. 40 | 65,688. 24 | 68,185. 08 | RETURN ON enthronisation ROI = NET INCOME/TOTAL INVESTMENT x 100 =41,922. 08/26,263. 00 =1. 665 x 100 =160% PAYBACK diaphragm PP = Total Investment /Annual ave. Income =26,263. 00/41,922. 08 =0. 63 long time Break Even Analysis=F/CMuF / CMr =3,337. 16 / 33. 803,337. 16 / =98. 73klsPhp. 13,295. 46\r\n'