Robert Frost :: essays research papers

It has been tell many an(prenominal) times that all men have a prevalent bond, or a thread that joins them together. Robert Frosts poem The tussock of Flowers explores the existence of such a bond, as experienced by the speaker. In the everyday circumstance of performing a common chore, the speaker discovers a sense of brotherhood with another laborer. Frost contrasts a sense of aloneness with a sense of understanding to convey his theme of unity amongst men.To understand the setting of the poem, one must first understand how cola was mowed in the time period in which the poem was written (1906). stinker was mostly mowed by hand using a scythe. The mowing was often make in the dew of the morning for better mowing. This left the grass wet, and it needed to be scattered for drying. The phrase turning the grass refered to the scattering of the grass for drying.In The Tuft of Flowers, the speaker has gone out to turn the grass. Whoever did the mowing is already gone, for there are no signs of his presence. The speaker is alone. Then, a butterfly catches the speakers attention, and leads his gaze to a tuft of flowers, which the mower chose to leave intact. The patch of ravisher left by his fellow worker causes the speaker to feel that he is no longer alone. There is a sense of understanding mingled with the speaker and the mower, because an appreciation of beauty unites them.Frost uses peaceful images to relate the depression of his poem. The setting is in a grassy field with a offer running through it. The tranquil feeling is added to by a dumb butterfly, who searches for a flower upon which to land. In keeping with the peaceful surroundings, Frost speaks of a long scythe whispering to the ground, and of hearing wakening birds around. The speaker also listens for a whetstone on the breeze to determine if there is anyone around, and finds a dance tongue of bloom beside the reedy brook. The Tuft of Flowers does not contain a definite meter, but it do es have a strict rhyme purpose of AA, BB. The poem is organized in couplets, each of which contains a single thought. This makes the poem more charming and gives it simplicity, which adds to the overall feeling of peace and tranquility.Robert Frost provides many interesting ideas in The Tuft of Flowers.

A Summer Trainng Report on Recruitment & Attrition Management

A Project Study pro subscribe to On Training Under carryn at ICICI PRUDENTIAL action redress CO. LTD. c whole enterment and rubbing Management Submitted in partial fulfillment for the set apart of degree of Master of Business Administration Submitted By Submitted To- ANITA SINGHAL Ms. Sonali Singh Chauhan MBA Part 3rdLecturer of MBA incision 2011 2013 PREFACE zero(prenominal)ional run through without practical k equivalent a shotledge is of little value. Theoretical studies in the classroom argon not sufficient to escort the surgical appendage of complex & large sized nerve.A student of attention quarter contrive a theoretical association, but he/she must(prenominal) have a practical knowledge too, so that he/she bunghole be able to tackle the various problems that arise in business. in that respectfore, it be feels necessary for a tutelage student to undergo either suggest shape. Practical knowledge supplements the theoretical studies and cove rs al one and only(a)(prenominal) the possible argona, which is left uncovered in classroom. A systematic practical training is necessary for a trainee to bring in him the confidence for product line per pathance & mental preparation which modifys him to take up hereafter(a) prank responsibility.It ex pounds student to in precious treasure of experiences. I had received training at ICICI prudent damages Co. Ltd. Jaipur (Raj. ), in the recruitment and contriteness Management. During the training program, I got the opport social unity to l bring in valuable things regarding management. It was my outcome to bring forth the training in a precise levelheaded atmosphere. The management of the keep beau monde rendered take oning situation, sufficient facilities & training opportunities to fulfill the objectives of training. The normal gain to me entrust be reflected in the report itself.This project has in truth exposed me to a far bracing world & I tran sp bently hope that ICICI Prudential restitution Co. will take my learning tingely valuable as I found it in fictile my c beer. Acknowledgement A research take on toilettenot be freed without the support management of various individual & institutions. I expressed my sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who do it possible for me to complete this report. With great pleasance and sincerity I wish to express my deepest sense of gratitude towards Mr.AMIT GOYAL (Branch Manager) for their valuable guidance and Practice suggestions and for patiently enduring my numerous queries I would senior highly glad to Mr. Sudhanshu Shanker (Senior Manager sympathetic options) who assigned this project to me and providing me the opportunity to complete this project with their guidance and experience. I wish to thank ICICI Prudential action damages Co. Jaipur, (Raj. ) for providing me an opportunity to school with them on this project. My retard in the organization has been a great learning experience.This exposure has greatly enriched me with knowledge. (ANITA SINGHAL) MBA 3rd SEM Executive sum-up menu of coachs The ICICI Prudential sustenance amends fellowship Limited identity card comprises reputed stack from the finance sedulousness two from India and abroad. Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar, Chair person Mr. N. S. Kannan, coach Mr. K. Ramkumar, conductor Mr. Barry Stowe, Director Mr. Adrian OConnor, Director Mr. Keki Dadiseth, self-governing Director Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Independent Director Ms. Rama Bijapurkar, Independent Director Mr.Vinod Kumar Dhall, Independent Direct INDEX Chapter NO. musical theme PAGE NO. 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE attention 7 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANISATION 10 3 look into METHODOLOGY 33 3. 1 TITLE OF THE STUDY 33 3. 2 DURATION OF THE purport 33 3. 3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 33 3. 4 reference OF RESEARCH 34 3. 5 example SIZE AND METHOD OF SELECTING SAMPLE 35 3. 6 SCOPE OF STUDY 35 3 . 7 boundary OF STUDY 36 FACTS & FINDINGS 38 5 selective selective information outline AND INTERPRETATION 40 6 SWOT abridgment 54 7 CONCLUSION 57 8 RECOMMENDATION & SUGGESTIONS 59 9 APPENDIX 62 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 65 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY Overview of the vitality sentence history Insurance Sector in India With largest number of life indemnification policies in force in the world, Insurance happens tobe a mega opportunity in India.Its a business bringing at the target of 15-20 per cent yearlyly and manifestly is of the severalise of Rs 450 one million million. Together with banking dish outs, it adds close 7 percent to the countrys GDP. Gross premium collection is closely 2 per cent of GDP and property functional with LIC for investments be 8 per cent of GDP. Yet, nearly 80 per cent of Indian populations argon without life indemnity cover, wellness indemnity and non-life damages continue to be down the stairs international standards. And this part ofthe population is withal subject to weak cordial security and pension systems with hardly any old age income security.This itself is an indicator that branch potential for the indemnification arena is immense . A nearly-developed and evolved indemnity sector is needed for frugal phylogenesis as it renders farseeing precondition depots forinfrastructure development andat the uniform date streng wherefores the put on the line of exposuretaking ability. It is estimated that over the conterminous ten long time India would require investments of the regularize of one trillion US dollars. The Insurance sector, to some extent, ass alter investments in infrastructure development to sustain economic gain of the country.With a large superior outlay and commodious gestation periods, infrastructure projects be fraught with a multitude of risks without the development, construction and operation stages. These entangle risks associated with project implementation, including geological risks, maintenance, commercial and political risks. Without covering these risks the financial institutions atomic number 18 not willing to commit funds to the sector, especially beca employ the financing of around cloistered projects is on a limited or non- recourse basis. Insurance companies not organicly provide risk cover to nfrastructure projects, they also founder long-term funds. In fact, insurance companies are an ideal source of long term debt and honor for infrastructure projects. With long term liability, they get a fair asset- liability match by investing their funds in suchprojects. IRDA regulations require insurance companies to invest not less than 15 percent of theirfunds in infrastructure and social sectors. International Insurance companies also invest theirfunds in such projects. Insurance is a federal subject in India. There are dickens legislations that rank the sector-The Insurance Act- 1938 and the IRDA Act- 1999.The Government of India liberalized the insurance sector in March 2000 with the exit of the Insurance Regulatory and instruction Authority (IRDA) Bill, lifting all entry restrictions for personal workers and allowing contrasted players to enter the securities industry with some limits on direct foreign ownership. Underthe on-line(prenominal) guidelines, there is a 26 percent equity cap for foreign partners in an insurance follow. There is a device to increase this limit to 49 percent. Premium points of around general insurance policies come under the purview of the government appointed duty Advisory Committee.The opening up of the sector is same(p)ly to direct to great spread and deepening of insurance in India and this whitethorn also admit restructuring and revitalizing of the public sector companies. A host of private insurance companies operating in both life and non-life segments have started selling their insurance policies since 2001. CHAPTER 2 INT RODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION Company Profile ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company is a joint venture between ICICI affirm one ofIndias foremost financial function companies-and prudential plc a pencil lead international financial services group headquartered in the unite Kingdom.Total capital infusion stands at Rs. 37. 72 billion, with ICICI Bank holding a post of 74% and Prudential plcholding 26%. We began our operations in declination 2000 after receiving approval from Insurance Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA). To daylight, our nation-wide team up comprises of over 954 branches in addition to 1,015micro-offices, over 296,000 advisors and 21 banc assurance partners. ICICI Prudential was the offshoot life promiser in India to receive a bailiwick Insurer Financial Strength rating of AAA (Ind) from Fitch ratings.For leash years in a row, ICICI Prudential hasbeen voted as Indias Most bank offstage Life Insurer, by The Economic Times AC NielsenORG Marg muckl e of Most Trusted Brands. As we grow our distribution, product range and client base, we continue to tirelessly uphold our commitment to deliver world-class financial solutions to clients all overIndia. Company Promoters ICICI Bank ICICI Bank Limited(NYSEIBN) is Indiaslargest private sector bankand the second largest bank in the country, with consolidated full(a) assets of $121 billion as of March 31, 2008.ICICI Banks subsidiaries imply Indias leading private sector insurance companies and among its largest securities brokerage firms, mutual funds and private equity firms. ICICI Bankspresence currently spans 19 countries, including India. Prudential Plc Established in London in 1848, Prudential plc, through its businesses in the UK, Europe, US, Asia and the Middle East, provides retail financial services products and services to much than 20 million nodes, indemnityholder and unit holders and manages over ? 267 billion of funds widely distributed (as of December 31, 2007).In Asia, Prudential is the leading European life insurance connection with life operations in China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Prudential is one of the largest retail fund managers for Asian sourced assets ex-Japan. Its fund management business has expanded into ten markets, comprising of China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam and United Arab Emi sends. Vision and Mission Statement Their vision is to make ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company the dominant new insurer in the life insurance industry.This they hope to achieve through their commitment to excellence, focus on service, speed and innovation, and leveraging our technological expertise. The success of the organization will be founded on its strong focus on values and clarity ofpurpose. These implicate Understanding the take of customers and fliping them superior products and servicebuilding long ref inementing familys with their partners providing an enabling purlieu to foster growth and learning for their employees and higher up all building transparency in all ourdealings. They believe that they nookie play a signifi give the sackt role in redefining and reshaping the sector.Given the eccentric of their occupation and the commitment of their team, they feel that there willbe no limits to their growth. Board of Directors. The ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited Board comprises reputed people from the finance industry both from India and abroad. Ms. Chanda D. Kochhar, Chairperson Mr. N. S. Kannan, Director Mr. K. Ramkumar, Director Mr. Barry Stowe, Director Mr. Adrian OConnor, Director Mr. Keki Dadiseth, Independent Director Prof. Marti G. Subrahmanyam, Independent Director Ms. Rama Bijapurkar, Independent Director Mr. Vinod Kumar Dhall, Independent DirectPrinciples and Types of Insurance Principles of Insurance Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism it trans fers the financial risks of eachday life from you to an insurance company, but notwithstanding in terms of the financial consequences of risk. Without insurance, if you car was damaged, it would cost you a mickle of funds to fix it or to buy an early(a) one. It could cost you redden much to pay for compensation to someone else involved in an accident. Insurance comfortsyour financialinterests. It washbasinnotalleviate theemotional consequences of an accident. It cannot provide for benignantitarian ideals.It cant help you with bathetic losses. But properly used, it will protect your financial investment in your car and your healthy obligations should you have an accident. Insurable quest Before you can insure anything, you must have a legally recognised financial interest in what you are insuring. For motor insurance, you cant take out an insurance policy on the cardriven by the latest admit star in the hope that it will crash and you can claim. That is nothing more tha n than gambling. You have no financial interest in the wholesomeorganism of the object insured and would gain by its destruction.But you can insure the car you own, or drive. You would sufferfinancially if it is damaged or stolen and service from its continued existence. Indemnity This word is used to describe the type of recompense you would receive. A motor policy and a household policy are both a contract of indemnity. It means, subject to the terms of the contract, you are em queen to be put back in the same financial mark after a loss as you were inbefore the loss. In terms of a new for old policy the measure of indemnity is agree at the point of sale rather than the condemnation of claim.The term is also sometime used to indicate if your insurerwill encounter the claim at all. A refusal to indemnify is a refusal to pay the claim. ATTRITION It is all important(p) to run across the high contrition rate in Indian insurance sector, which stands mystifyly around 35% taking into consideration the enlisting and plectrum of Insurance gross sales personnel, and various reasons behind the scrape rate are as follows Controlling Attrition In an ideal world, employees work hard, venerate their hypothesize, worship their work give, feel like a family and would never leave.But in the significant world, employees quit at the drop of a hat. In todays scenario, it is the major challenge before the insurance companies to moderate the high detrition rate. As the Indian insurance industry grows exponentially, companies are taking the long leap from survival strategy to competitive strategy. Hence, there is a incessant thirst for the best and the brightest of employees, and the result is heavy excoriation. In addition, there are several other reasons as to why employees quit. The reasons are too alter to be clubbed together, but the bottom line remains the sameit is all about silverTherefore, it is no wonder that the compensation levels in the industry ar e heading north. Companies are literally bidding for talent and luring a port(p) employees with attractive salaries and designations. While HR experts define it the function of contract and supply, it is a undecomposed concern for employee holding. A Critical Issue After IT and BPO, it is now the insurance sector that is facing the growth of high abrasion rates. For most HR managers, employee retention is the macrogest challenge. Talent or human resource is a major asset for any company.Company Invest high amount of money for their recruitment, plectrum and training and what happens to company if these talents or employees leave the organization in short age seeking new opportunities. Indian Insurance manufacture is one of the fastest growing knowledge based sector with annual attrition rate of around 30-35% compared to the global insurance attrition rate of 10-12% per annum. Current statistics dis aspect that higher attrition rate problem principally exists in Marketing and RD departments. Major reasons for high attrition rate, stated by employees during the survey are- 1.Inadequate fee or compensation plan. The adjacent gain in salary package was found to be amenable for job change in 61 per cent of the cases. 2. Poor management 3. Uninteresting job 4. Lack of motivation Job Lacking prospect for Future Advancement Leaving company by the employee not only leads to loss of money for the company in his training and development of knowledge but it also increase the threat of education security if employee moves to equate company and loss of the business. Whenever a well-trained and well-adapted employee leaves any organization, it creates a vacuum.The organization loses get a line skills, knowledge and business relationships, and it is not an easy task to find a sustainable substitute. Situation is worse when it happens at a critical ( finding making) define, as there is a scarcity of such technical resources in the market. Attrition this in stant affects the company. Recruiting and training program for employees is an expensive affair. The company has to invest a lot while recruiting an employee. Attrition is a universal phenomenon and no industry is devoid of it, but the degree fluctuates from industry to industry.Major insurance companies in India are age-old and established, having their own culture and work practices and therefore, employee rhythmover will be a common phenomenon in such companies. Attrition is a serious issue in the insurance industry because the industry is knowledge-based and hence employees are its assets. Many HR experts believe that money, though a key factor, is not the only one which makes employees quit. Attrition also happens when people hate their running(a) conditions, do not like their team-mates or perhaps do not like what they are doing.There are also cases when people leave their job for family reasons or when they wish to migrate. Experts also believe that organisational culture h as a great impact on who stays and who goes. And the culture of an organization is firm by the quality of the relationship between bosses and their subordinates. According to a everyday saying, employees never leave the company, they leave their bosses. An in effectual boss creates poor work culture, which is one of the frequent reasons for quitting. Employers often fail to understand the wideness of providing opportunities for development of their employees or their locomote growth.A conducive working atmosphere, good culture, training and career growth with adequate salary are some provisions that control attrition. either employee comes to his organization with some aspiration. An organization is viewed as a place where employees meet their aspirations of growth and development, values of trust, teamwork and transparency. If a company respects them and their skills, get in their potential and provide them with a healthy environment to learn and grow with flexible compensati on, employees take that as a strong reason to stay on.Recognizing the contribution of outstanding achievers also inspires others to try hard and put in their best. A good organizational behavior also focuses on areas like training, career development and believe in equipping workforce break in on the professional front. Experts say that good organizational behavior is slavish in extending the tenure of employees in the organization as it increases their self-esteem, confidence, morale and motivation. A substantial growth of employees self-esteem is as important as the pattern of learning in the industry.Otherwise, experts fear that insurance organizations will meet a sorry fate as far as retention policies are concerned. Attrition is the Function of Demand and Supply The demand comes from the growth of the industry and the policy of the company. These two things decide whether there is a demand of fresher or experienced employees. On the other hand, the supply comes from the educ ational institutions and the market. Normally the supply from the educational institutions is enough to meet the demands of the insurance industry, there is a lack of experienced people in the industry, which in turn has created an imbalance.The imbalance is crucial to the growth of the industry. While the industry is growing, not all companies are capable of taking fresh people and groom them. Hence, the current status demands experienced people and shortage of skills or retaining existing employees pose an issue for the industry. In the current scenario, the demand of experienced and good employees is actually outstripping the supply. In such a situation, higher salary structures pose a major challenge in controlling attrition levels in the industry. Moreover, the salary growth plan is not well defined as well. wholly this encourages poaching by companies tossing higher salaries.Though the salary is decided retentiveness in line with the market trends, the qualification, experi ence and the attitude of the individual matters. recompense or even increments are dependent very much on what kind of value adding the person is or will do in the organization. Besides, HR experts from the industry believe that out paying is not a winning tactic for companies. The organizations reward strategy reflects its power to drive quality employees. Apart from salary, recognition of work is a healthy retention strategy. If the organization values its employees, recognizes and appreciates their skills and work, it pays.It is important to keep an eye on fast track people who are intelligent and tenuous performers. mathematical operation is a primary requirement therefore, excellent performers should be valued. They should be identified, nurtured and provided growth opportunity. HRs Role and Strategies in ICICI PRUDENTIAL life sentence indemnification CO. As the get by for trim down employee attrition rates is intensifying, recruiters are putting renewed efforts in ident ifying talent, which is committed and productive. However, while everyone is competing for talent, in experts opinion, a hiring spree can be a blunder sometimes.Stringent recruitment mold could help reduce attrition to a certain extent. An internal referral mechanism is also very useful in reducing attrition rates in companies. A pure(a) epitome of a chances background or behavior pattern, adaptability or disposition would help the organization with good resource pool and less attrition rates. Hiring slayers rather than stars is yet another strategy. According to experts, some of the most gifted people often have the tendency to move on. The reason creation their eagerness to climb by shifting from one company to another. common job hoppers are not the ultimate gainers. They gain or earn only in terms of money but those who opt to work in one organization for long are able to learn and gain experience which pays in the long term, An efficient HR focuses on creating a good wo rk culture and work out dissimilar strategies in line with organizational philosophy. According to experts, HR managers must use the combination of growth, learning opportunity and pay attention to employees personal needs and participation. The needs of the employees should be regularly gauged through open communication, polls and feedback mechanisms to prevail consistency in performance and high motivation levels.Insurance employers need to understand the same and deal this issue on a war footing so as to avoid loss of good employees and, also the business. This brings to the issue of recruitment and plectron. If these initial stairs are flawless, it also helps in reducing the attrition. SIGNIFICANCE OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION extremity enlisting and selection refers to the train and sequence of activities pertaining to recruitment and selection of employable expectations and job seekers for an organization. every(prenominal) enterprise, business, and entrepreneurial fi rm has some well defined job and recruitment policies and hiring procedures.Importance of Recruitment is wedded below Attract and encourage more and more campaigners to apply in the organization. * Create a talent pool of nominees to enable the selection of best candidates for the organization. * Determine present and future requirements of the organization in conjunction with its personnel planning and job analysis activities. * Recruitment is the dish up which links the employers with the Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. * foster increase the success rate of selection wreak by diminish number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job appliers. support reduce the probability that job applicants once recruited and selected will leave the organization only after a short period of time. * Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the composition of its workforce. * Begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates. * Increase organization and individual effectiveness of various recruiting techniques and sources for all types of job applicants. Factors Governing Recruitment External Factors * Supply and demand * Un exercise rate * Labor market * Potential social Sons of soil * Image intrinsic Factors * Recruitment policy of the organization * Composition of temporary and part time employees. * Preference to local people even by multinationals as they understand local language. * Size of recruitment * Cost of recruiting Fig. 1 The General Recruitment crop 1. Identify vacancy 2. Prepare job explanation and person particular(prenominal)ation 3. Advertising the vacancy 4. Managing the response 5. Short-listing 6. Arrange oppugns 7. Conducting interrogate and decision making. The recruitment fulfil is immediately follow by the selection mathematical process i. . the last-place audiences and the decision making, conveying the decision and the appointment formaliti es. Recruitment and natural selection are perhaps the most important tasks for an organization. Recruitment refers to the process of prying and appointing prospective candidates in an organization. An organization must undertake the recruitment procedure if it wants to appoint the right people under its employment. According to Edwin B. Flippo, Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization. A process of finding and attracting capable applicants for employment. The process begins when new recruits are sought-after(a) and ends when their acts are submitted. The result is a pool of applications from which new employees are selected. Recruitment is the activity that links the employers and the jobseekers. Sources of recruitment Why Does Organization Prefer inbred Sources? * Internal recruitment can be used as a technique of motivation. Suitability of internal candidate can be judged wear than the ext ernal. * Candidates as known devils are better than unknown angels. Employees psychological science needs can be met by providing an opportunity for advancement. * Employees economic needs can be met by providing an opportunity for advancement. * Cost of selection can be minimized. * Cost of training, evidence, orientation, etc can be minimized. SELECTION PROCESS in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE damages CO. The main objective of a selection procedure is to determine whether an applicant meets the qualification for a specific job, and because to choose the applicant who is most likely to perform well in that job.The entire process of selection begins with an initial masking piece query and concludes with a final employment decision. When a selection policy is formulated, organizational requirement like technical and professional dimensions are kept in mind. Selecting a suitable candidate can be the biggest challenge for any organization. According to Dale Yoder Selection is the process in which candidates for employment are partake ind into 2 classes those who are to be offered employment and those who are not. 1) Pre Interview cover version This is generally the starting point of any employee selection process.Pre Interview screening eliminates unqualified applicants and helps save time. Applications received from various sources are scrutinized and irrelevant ones are discarded. A preliminary Interview is conducted. 2) Preliminary Interview The application of candidate whose screening is successful is found to be eligible for the preliminary interview which covers the personal as well professional details of the prospective candidate. 3) net Interview This interview is formal in depth conversation conducted to estimate applicants acceptability. 4) Medical ExaminationIf all goes well, then at this stage, a medical examination is conducted to make sure that the candidate enjoys sound health and does not suffer from any serious ailment. 5) construeing Refe rences Most application forms include a section that requires prospective candidates to put down names of a few references. References are contacted to get a feedback on the person in question including his behavior, skills, conduct etc. 6) Job Offer A candidate who clears all the steps is finally considered right for a particular job and is presented with the job offer. An applicant can be dropped at any given stage if considered unfit for the job.Only after successfully clearing all the hurdles, an applicant can enjoy the feeling of being selected for a particular job. 7) inductance Programme New entrants after joining are given induction programme. It helps the new employee to understand and develop a sense of identification with the company and he can clearly understand his job and will be able to perform his work in good manner. HR POLICIES AND operation HR department deals with the management of human resources. It is responsible for the creation of on-key working relations among the participants of the organization.It effectively deals with the process of planning, directing, developing, and utilization of human resources available to the company. Personnel department basically involved with the management of personnel or human resources. Personnel management is the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the procurement, development, integration, maintenance and separation of the human resources to the end that individual, organizational and social objectives are accomplished. Recruitment Checklist of ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. * Has the vacancy been agreed by the responsible HOD? Is there up-to-date job description? * What are the conditions of employment for their vacant positions? * Has a candidate specification been prepared? * Has the manpower requisition form been submitted earlier? * Has the job advertisement been agreed? * choose the interview arrangement been made? * Have unsuitable candidates held in reserved been infor med? Explanation of Recruitment Process Steps in Recruitment process are as follows 1) fatality Gathering Requirement gathering starts with the job description provided by the several(predicate) department.The manpower requisition forms are provided by the HR department and then filled by the respected departments. Job description contains criteria such as qualification, professional experience, designation in the organization, urgency of manpower requirement in the organization. 2) Analysis of the Requirement It is a clear requirement with a comminuted explanation. A clear understanding enables a recruiter to provide a valuable manpower to the required department in terms of giving them a right candidate that matches up their requirement and to provide a candidate with good opportunity to sharpen his skills and achieve his personal goals. ) Sourcing of CVs In order to find the relevant visibleness for the job, it is very essential to search the CVs. This can be done in next wa ys * Casual application from local places. * Contacts through the present employees. * Data bank * Portals, such as Naukri. com * Former employee * Campus interview. 4) Screening of CVs This is very important step. It decides whether the CV matches the job description given by the department head. In this step the recruiter has to study the chase details in deep- Date of birth spicyest qualification sustain Skills Expected salary, etc. ) Arranging the interview After screening the CVs, the interview schedule is scheduled by the recruiter. Once the schedule is fixed, candidates are called for interview. 6) At the time of interview Candidate is given the personal data form to fill before the interview. Personal data form covers all the in depth information of candidate. Personal data form and resume inclined to it is handed over to the interviewer before an interview. Then preliminary interview and final interview is conducted. 7) Medical Checkup Selected candidates are sent to medical medical with pre medical tinkleup form.The main objective of this test is to detect whether the applicant is physically fit to perform work or not and to protect the employer from worker compensation claims. 8) Reference Check Reference check is made for an experienced candidate. Many employer request name, contact number, address of reference for collateral the additional background information of the candidate. 9) Documentation After the reference check is positive, candidate is called for further procedure of documentation. After documentation the candidates are provided with offer letter. 10) Induction ProgrammeNew entrants are given induction programme. It helps the new employee to develop the sense of identification with the company. The newly entrants is given information about the major products, departments and organization, key statistics. This helps the newly joined employees to understand their work in a better way. Criteria for Recruiting a Medical Represen tative A Check List 1. Age It is advisable to select them young, usually between 21 and 25 years. 2. Education Depending upon the level of technical knowledge required for promoting your products you can decide on this. 3. ExperienceIt may be advisable to select a fresh graduate with good scholastic record and extracurricular activities. just about companies prefer limited experience of a year or two in similar companies. In the case of an experienced candidate see to it for his accomplishment, tract record, etc. 4. Appearance A pleasing personality is unendingly preferred. 5. Manners He / she should have good manners as he moves in a sophisticated highly educated class. 6. Voice and air There should be clarity of voice, modulation and grammar 7. Reactions Alertness, quickness of response. 8. Drive readiness to stimulate, enthuse others and self-assurance. . Intelligence Comprehension, reasoning ability, keenness and smartness is expected of him/her. 10. Interest Sincerity of a mbitions and personal goals, interest in other people. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The core concept underlying research is its methodology. The methodology controls the study, dictates the attainment of the data, and arranges them in logical relationships, sets up a means of refining the tippy data, contrives an approach so that the meanings that lie below the surface of those data become manifest, and finally issue a conclusion or series of conclusions that lead to an expansion of knowledge.The entire process is a unified effort as well as an appreciation of its component parts. According to J. W. B. est, look for is considered to be formal, systematic, intensive process of carrying on the scientific method of analysis. It involves a more systematic structure of investigation usually resulting in some clear up of formal record of procedures and report of result or conclusions. According to P. M. Cook, Research is an honest, exhaustive, intelligent searching for facts and t heir meanings or implications with reference to a given problem.It is the process of arriving at dependable solutions to problem through planned and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data. The best research is that which is reliable, verifiable and exhaustive so that it provides information in which we have confidence. 3. 1 Title of the Study Recruitment and Attrition Management 3. 2 Duration of the Project 2 Months (25th June to 24th August) 3. 3 Objective of the study The objectives of the study are as follows * To understand the concept and mechanism of insurance. * To have an overall view of the Recruitment Process in a leading private sector company. To get a primary knowledge as regards to the proper implementation of the extent Recruitment Policies in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE and its preparedness to meet the new challenges in the area of Recruitment. * To review the Human Resource Policies of ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE and compare with them H uman Resource philosophy given in the literature. * To pursue any legal requirement which apply to the recruitment and selection process. * To get familiar with the organization. * Getting practical experience regarding the organizational function. To learn about the policies and functions of the organization. * To understand the culture in the organization and its effect on employees. * To get industrial exposure and experience. 3. 4 Type of the Research To get complete knowledge about the recruitment and selection activities information are equanimous on the basis of both primary and secondary sources. PRIMARY DATA particular data are those which are a fresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. Primary data were collected by direct interview with the authorities and staffs and by observation and participation.SECONDARY DATA indirect data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have been passed through the statistic al process. Secondary data were collected from various records kept in departments, company indites, magazines and websites. 3. 5 Sample size and Method of selecting sample SAMPLING SIZE hundred It means how many people to survey. SAMPLING UNIT The researcher must define the target population that will be surveyed the sample unit for my survey is wholesalers, retailers, masons, contractor and consumer of Rajasthan State.SAMPLING PROCEDURE RANDOM SAMPLING Due to the time limitation and lack of sufficient knowledge I confined my study till random sampling. 3. 6 Scope of the Study Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for job in the organization. Recruitment is a positive process of searching for prospective employees, whereas selection is a negative process because it involves rejection of unsuitable candidates. Today the scope of the recruitment is very broad. The scope of the recruitment at ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. enerally covers the following steps * Enhancement of productivity. * Quality manpower. * Committed job assignment. * Development of teamwork. * breach utilization of existing manpower 3. 7 Limitation of the Study The present research work is undertaken to maximize objectivity and minimize the errors. However, there are certain limitations of the study, which are to be taken in to consideration for the present research work. * The study was conducted only for the performance of Insurance advisors, Adayar branch Chennai city. It may not be suitable for other organizational employees. The advisors behavior may not be same in other branches in Chennai city or country, because of the difference in their performance, target, motivation, attitude, approaches with customers, culture, and working environment etc. * The research was done based on the details provided by the 70 advisors the conclusion derived may not be wholly applicable to all branches in the city. The study is conducte d with the help of the database provided by the Unit manager. * As the target population is large and due to the time constraint, convenience sampling technique was used to select the respondent. Chapter-4 FACTS AND FINDINGS Majority of the respondents believed that larger risk reportage of their policy was the main feature that attracted them to buy that policy, low premium was the next important feature. * ICICI Prudential is the largest private player in the insuranceindustry in India. * Due to the increasing concern of people towards their health/life the life insurancebusiness has good prospects. * There are few short term plans which are not known to thepublic. * Company has high policy charges which are not affordable by the lower shopping center and lower class people. * Out of positive population of 1 billion of country, only 22% have insurance cover.So we can say that there is still large potential for both the public and private companies. Private companies have to give varied customized product to compete with the LIC which is holding about 97% of the fall market. CHAPTER-5 digest AND INTERPRETATION 1. What is the biggest public assistance of life insurance? SL. NO repartee NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 Security 40 80 2 commission 5 10 3 Protection of wealth 5 10 4 all 0 0 descend 50 100 Analysis Interpretation The supra represent shows that the biggest benefit of life insurance is security with 80% and the next two shows the equal % that is 10% benefit ) Is there any performance incentives? SL. NO solvent NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 yes 47 94 2 no 3 6 get 50 100 Analysis Interpretation The higher up graph shows the performance incentives are 100% given in the company. 3) How do you recruit employees in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.? SL. NO solvent NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 References 3 6 2 Advertisements 5 10 3 Consultancy 35 70 4 Walk-ins 7 14 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The hiring process in this company is done by consultancy of 35 respondents and next is through walk-ins. ) How frequently you recruit employees? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 6 months 5 10 2 1 year 0 0 3 3 months 5 10 4 Every month 40 80 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION In this company the employees are recruited frequently for every month for this the respondents are 80%, after this 3 months and 6 months are 20%. 5) What is the range on ordered series of acquire maximum good quality profiles? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 Average 35 70 2 close 10 20 3 precise good 5 10 4 excellent 0 0 total 50 100ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The in a higher place graph shows that the range of getting good quality profiles are average are 70%,and good are 20% and very good is shown by 10%. So no excellent are there. 6) Under what criteria do you consider while screening the profile? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 Age 5 10 2 Qualification 7 14 3 Work experience 38 76 4 Re ferences if any 0 0 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The above graph shows while screening the profile work experience is given more importance by 76%, and next by qualification by 14%. ) What is the % of candidates who clear the expertness test? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 100 0 0 2 70 10 20 3 80 35 70 4 50 5 10 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The above graph shows the % of 70% of the candidates clear the aptitude test. 8) Do you usually provide training skill development to new recruits? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 yes 42 84 2 no 8 16 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The above graph shows the training provided to new recruits is yes by 84% and no by 16%.So training is provided to some extent. 9) How many steps include in selection process? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 5 7 14 2 6 0 0 3 8 0 0 4 4 43 86 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The above graph shows the selection processes include mostly 4 and s ometimes 5 in this it show 86% include 4 steps. 10) After selection of candidates what is the time for offer release? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 Same day 0 0 2 3-5 eld 37 74 3 1-2 days 10 20 4 7 days 3 6 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATIONThe above graph shows after selection the offer letter is given to the selected candidate in 3-5 days and if the candidate is good then 1-2 days 11) What is the employment rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE in a year? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 70 5 10 2 80 35 70 3 90 10 20 4 100 0 0 total 50 100 Analysis INTERPRETATION The above graph shows the employment rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANE is 70% in a year and 35 are judge. 12) What is the experience required for HR position in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE? SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 3 years 5 10 2 4 years 15 30 3 2 years 0 0 4 5 years 30 60 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The experience required for HR position in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. is 5 years and accepted by 30 members. 13) What is attrition rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE? (No. of employees sledding the company in a year) SL. NO RESPONSE NO OF RESPONDENTS PECENTAGE % 1 50 40 80 2 60 10 20 3 80 0 0 4 30 0 0 total 50 100 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The attrition rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE is 50%, and accepted by 40 members. CHAPTER-6 SWOT ANALYSIS S.W. O. T Analysis of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Strength * ICICI Prudential is one of the largest financial institutions of India. * Money power, which makes them ignorant about the gestation period. * Motivation factors provided by the Company. * Service quality, which is the crux of their mission. * A huge data base of collective clients, retail customer, and bank customersof ICICI. * Highest paid up capital depositedin IRDA, in comparison to all players. * Training provided to all people associating with ICICI Prudential. Weakness * High targets for f inancial advisors and for the salesdepartments. Many competitors in the market offer same product by the title difference in the premium and offerings. * Very huge premium of policies. * Problematic to advisors also. * Sustainable to risk associated with investments in money market. Opportunities * Health insurance and pension schemes, an estimated market potential ofapproximately $15 billion. * imbibe up with more corporate agents all over India. And Tie up with broker(agent) also. * Strong brand of company helpsto boost sales in market. * Attract more people of providing customer centric products. Threats * Players like Bajaj and Birla Sunlife with low premium for the similarplans. People are not aware of different distribution channels. * Threat from existing insurance players. * Threat from new entrants. * Changes in the policy of IRDA. CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION Over the last few decades companies have increasingly begun to realize the importance of customer rejoicing. Where tradin g environments have become saturated and customers increasingly hard to come by, customer retention has become imperative as the customer-to-business level in the Indian context the disconfirmation paradigm is still the predominant paradigm influencing the customer satisfaction process.As it is pivotal in this competitive era of globalization as every player in this banking industry is making various efforts to increase its pie share or if no increase at least maintains their market share. In relation to the primary research analysis undertook by me, inference can be portrayed that people are incline towards the LIC as they find them more reliable and they also prefer because of their long term relationship with the customer segment. So last we can say that for the insurance sector to succeed they must pay close attention to the revealed choice criteria of the customer in their decision making activity.Therefore customer relationship management programs must be designed to keep the customers intact that includes aligning product and service offerings with customer needs can only be achieved when sufficient knowledge of customer requirement has been captured. Thus accurately understanding the customers need is the most important step towards achieving customer satisfaction. CHAPTER-8 RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTON There are some recommendations Open some more branches in articulated lorry urban and rural area ICICI Prudential has almost its branches in urban area ormetros. So in order to increase the no. f customer, ICICI Prudential should increase the approach towards potential customers. For that it has to increase the branches in the semi urban cities like C, D gradecities. And the rural selling is the best option forICICI Prudential to increase its base in the market. improve customer services In order to take the receipts of being industry leader in private sector, ICICI Prudential has to improve its customer services. According to my experience in the co mpany, a good number of customers barricade to pay their premium at time so it causes a big loss to the company.ICICI Prudential has already collaborated with the ICICI bank for its Banc assurance facility and thencan include another feature in it. ICICI bank can offer a bankaccount with the life insurance policy in which an ATM card will beprovided. This card will haveall the information regarding the policy as like future premium payment dates, payment made, money value ofthe policy at that date, value of the unit linked plan andall other information what the customer want. This will help the customer to pay premium ontime and save their losses.This will be mutually helpful for both sister companies, ICICI bankwill get new account andICICI prudential will be able to more efficient services to their customers. form some unit linked life insurance plans in the market. macrocosm a market leader doesnt ensure the leadership in the future. Since afterincrement in FDI from 26% to 49% all player will have the opportunity to capture the market share. So in order to maintain its position ICICI Prudential should-Introduce some new market linked insurance plan, which will give a competitive advantage to the ICICI Prudential against its competitors.Trained the financial advisors more efficiently In the changed scenario, moreefficient training will be needed, so ICICI Prudential should provide good and efficient training to their financial advisors. Because they are the onewho interact directly with the customers. So good training will give them the right way to dealwith the potential customers. Suggestions * LIC ICICI Prudential should work upon building good personality of its brand as good reputation has direct effect on purchase of insurance product. LIC ICICI Prudential should work upon raising the awareness of the product and give more option and provide transparency so as to make selling of its product easier. * Advertising of the insurance product should li ne on the need of security. * Insurance should be popularized as the means of securing future rather than saving tax. * Policies should be issued quickly and with less formality. * Other services should be provided. * Reference group are the most effective mass medium of advertising insurance. CHAPTER-9 APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRE 1. What is the biggest benefit of life insurance?A) Security B) commission C) protection of wealth D) all 2. Is there any performance incentives? A) Yes B) No 3. How frequently you recruit employees? A) 6 months B) 1 Year C) 3 months D) Every month 4. How do you recruit them? A) References B) Advertisements C) Consultancy D) Walk-ins 5. What is the range on scale of getting maximum good quality profiles? A) Average B) Good C) Very Good D) Excellent 6. Under what criteria do you consider while screening profile? A) Age B) Qualification C) Work Experience D) References if any 7.What is the % of candidates who clear the aptitude test? A) 10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 50% 8. Do you normally provide training skill development to new recruits? A) Yes B) No 9. If yes do you send your employees for external training? A) Training institutes B) workshops C) seminars D) none 10. How many steps include selection steps? A) 5 B) 6 C) 8 D) 4 11. On what skill sets candidates are selected in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.? A) Qualifications B) Capabilities C) Soft skills D) All the above 12. After selection of candidates what is the time for offer release?A) Same day B) 3-5 days C) 1-2 days D) 7 days 13. How do you evaluate a candidate in his/her HR interview? A) Aptitude B) Qualification C) Communication skills D) All 14. What is the experience required for HR position in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO.? A) 3 days B) 4 Years C) 2 Years D) 5 Years 15. What is the attrition rate in ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE CO? (Number of employees leaving the company in a year) A) 30% B) 40% C) 20% D) 10% 16. What are the top reasons for any improvement in attri tion? Ans. 1. Skills Development 2. Communication 3. Promotion/Progress . Management Style 5. Work-Life Balance CHAPTER-10 BIBILOGRAPHY 1. ICFAI Human Resource Management ICFAI University Press. 2. Gary Dessler, Human Resource Management- PHI Pvt. Ltd. , 2005. 3. G. C. Beri, Marketing Research- Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited 4. Udai Parrek and T. Venkateshwara Rao, Designing and Managing Human Resource system, Oxford IBH publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. , 2003. 5. K. Aswathappa, Human Resource and Personnel Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2005. * http//www. iciciprulife. com * http//www. google. com * http//www. wikipedia. com

Demand chain management Essay

1.IntroductionPurpose of this assignment is to give way the upshot accept of the dingle Inc, relating to the seven questions asked on the case study. objective of the case study analysis is to get a deeper understanding of the ball-shaped additionion, outsourcing and logistics. 2.Company overview dingle is a global information technology confederacy that offers its customers a broad range of solutions and services delivered directly by dingle and finished early(a) distribution poopalizes. Their focused is to provide technology solutions that atomic number 18 much efficient, more accessible, and easier to manage. dingle Inc. is a dimension go with that conducts its traffic pla realizeworkary through its subsidiaries. Their global corporate headquarters is located in act Rock, Texas. In landmarks of the PC manufacturing merchandise, DELL is at number 3 location (Behind HP & adenylic acid Lenovo) with annual revenue of USD 62,071 Million. They made a net profit of USD 3,492 Million for the year 2012, which would translate to a net profit gross profit of 5.6%.dell focuses on 4 master(prenominal) market target segments.SegmentRevenue percentageLarge Enterprises30%Public 27%Small & ampere medium barter 24%Consumers 19%Table 2.1 dell Incs marketing segmentsThe product portfolio of dingle consists of selling Servers, Networking, Storage, Outsourced services, Project Management, Support & deployment services, Infrastructure, Cloud, Security services, Applications, Business Process services, Client devices nonebooks, workstations, tablets, smartphones, and desktop PCs For the purpose of the case study, the focus leave alone be on the products & distribution of ad hominem computers.3.Case study questions3.1.1.What argon the returns to DELL of having manufacturing sites located where they are? A company once decided to place their drudgerys overseas, mustiness make a last to whether to centralize their production or to de-centra lize it over different countries. A company will look at 3 areas in making this close. orbit factorsoPoliticalo scotchaloCulturaloFactor CostsoLocation Externalities Skilled repel technologyoTrade barriersoTransport equaloFDI rules & regulationsoExpected permutation rate stabilityTechnological factorsoFixed monetary valueoMinimum Efficient ScaleoFlexible manufacturing/ bundle customizationProduct FactorsoValue-to-Weight RatiooServes Universal privations(Hill, 2011)dell Inc which befuddle a product with confuseder fixed price of manufacturing, lower minimum efficient home plate and with low requirement for mass customization or flexible manufacturing will favour in for decentralization. in equivalent manner considering the product factors, Dell has a product which has a lower Value-to-weight ratio and a product which needs to be customized to from each one market, which indicates the requirement for the De-centralized strategy. Decentralize/Centralize decision will be influenced by the companys own objectives. Dell specify their objectives as Generating damage efficiencies,Delivering products faster,Better serving their customersBuilding a world-class provision range of a function.(Annual Report, 2012) In assure tocater to these objectives and support product factors and technology factors, Dellhas taken the decision to De-centralize. Once the decision to decentralize has been taken, they will go ahead with selecting the countries where they will try to exploit the country factors listed above to their advantage. Current spots where Dell has their production facilities are as follows Austin, TexasPenang, MalaysiaXiamen, ChinaHortolndia, BrazilChennai, IndiaLodz, Poland.Advantages exploited from each of these locations back end be listed as below 3.1.1.1.Market Access Generating bell efficiencies, Delivering products faster, Dell main objective is to deliver products faster art object generating hail efficiencies. The growth countries and regions that they collect highlighted are BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). The strategy they have used is to keep best viable market access these strategic regions. Analysing the location they have selected succeeding(a) advantages gutter be seen. Texas is central to all of the U.SMalaysia is central to the huge Asia-Pacific region.Lodz Poland close to the full-size markets of the UK, Ger many another(prenominal), and France. Brazil, India and China plants are set up to reach the respective markets speedily3.1.1.2.Labor addresss and qualityChina is a low cost manufacturing locationTexas is cheaper than Silicon ValleyMalaysia is cheaper than SingaporeThe quality of labor is high in each of these locations as well. Besides having well-educated workers, engineers and technicians, each location has poor or no labor union activity. They have also cut industry clusters such as Sao Paulo (Brazil) and Shenzhen (China) to ensure that labour markets are not tigh t and expensive.3.1.1.3.Transportation and telecommunications infrastructure The Texas locations, for instance, are in close proximity to major(ip) highways and to a major Federal Express distribution center. Telecommunications bandwidth, cost, and quality are also factors, especially for call centers and data centers.3.1.1.4. regimen incentivesMajor incentives were offered by Texas financial incentives were offered in Brazil by the state presidency Tax holidays in Malaysia3.1.2.What are the potential drop disadvantages of the locations? Political turmoilPolitical stability is a requirement for a production location. Countries such as Brazil whitethorn be affected by unstable political attitudes. If shutdown, a intact region will be effected Economical Instability trading operations may be effected from economical stability of its countries, especially European region with the flow EURO debt crisis. E.g DELL had to close down it Ireland manufacturing arm in 2011, afterward lay ing off 2000 employees. Expiration of Government concessionsOne of the rudimentary reasons to locate the production facilities where they are is referable to concessions offered by government. Most government concessions will be expired after a particular period, after which operations might be unfavourable. (e.g Texas, china, Malaysian operations). In such situation net outgo may drastically rise, making financially unfeasible. why does Dell purchase most of the components that go into its PC market from sovereign suppliers as opposed to making more itself (Dell does little more than last-place assembly of components into PC)?Dell purchases many of their products and all of their components from third party vendors. important reasons for Dell purchasing them from independent suppliers are1.Reduce the guess of having large inventories, which back generate obsolete quite quickly In the IT industry loosely recent products are introduced to the market very speedyly. Therefor e exsising products can be hap obsolete quite rapidly, with the introduction of new products into the market by competitors.2.Reduce the stock list holding cost- Inventory holding cost includes cost such as warehousing and logistic cost, insurance cost, spoilage and breakage cost etcetera However since Dell carries extremely lower level of inventories their record holding cost have been pull downd to a grater extent.Majority (95%) of Dells suppliers located at closer to the Dells factory and most of these suppliers have to show the products to Dell within 90 minutes after placing the order. This has also helped Dell to reduce their inventory to a greater extent and has enable Dell to practice Just In Time (JIT) manufacturing.3.Reduce the cost of co-ordination compared to vertical integration As Dell does not have its own factories, they are not incurring any expenditure by way of establishment expenses, administrative expenditure etc, which generally carries comparatively lar ge unions. Also Dell has been able to reduce the cost of unequivocal and cost of coordination to a greater extent which otherwise would have to be incurred, if they have been vertically integrated.4.Obtain flexibility in terms of cost, quality, quantity, delivery, capacity, support etc, as they are purchasing items from several different suppliers depending on the requirement and circumstances. Dell openly shares its daily production schedules, barters forecasts, and new-model introduction plans with vendors using electronic Data Interchange (EDI)s. Dells forecast of cater is unremarkably 75% accurate and if in case it is wrong, Demand Shaping is do to overcome the situation.5.Reduce the cost Dell purchases 75% of their purchases from 30 main suppliers (15% of their suppliers), and generally maintains several single-source or ensnareed-source supplier relationships, either because quadruplex sources are not readily available or because the relationships are advantageous to us due to performance, quality, support, delivery, capacity, price etc.Majority of these suppliers are from Asian countries that have relatively lower labor cost and this has been helped to reduce Dells cost to greater extent. Also due to the large volumes that are purchased, their is high bargain power over their suppliers which has moderateed in Dell obtaining vendor rebates and discounts which too have resulted in Dell reducing the cost to a greater extent.6.Reduce conviction to market compared to competitors Time taken to release a new product to market is a critical success factor in IT industry. Since Dell is purchasing most of their components independent suppliers, Dell is able to introduce new products to the market as and when new components are introduced by suppliers.As a result of Dells effective supply chemical chain management, they bustt have any warehouse and also their factories have and 72 hours worth of inventory. Also cash conversion musical rhythm (ti me amid an outlay of cash for parts and collection of payments) of Dell is negative 36, where as in industry it is 30 days. Also their inventory turnover has remained rough 107 times where as in companies such as IBM it is 17.5 times. What are the consequences for Dells cost structure and profitability of replacing inventories with information?In year 2004, Dell has been able to achieve the lowest inventory levels in the industry that was plainly three days of inventory on hand, compared to 30, 45, or even 90 days worth at competitors. This was a critical advantage in the computer inventory, where component costs account for 75 percent of revenues and typically fall by 1 percent per week due to rapid obsolescence.Replacing inventory with information has contributed greatly to Dells tune model it is the cornerstone of their cost structure. Reducing inventory also reduces the need for working capital thus replacing inventory with information boosts profitability. some other aspec t of dingles customer focus was build to order philosophy. Every dell pc has been built this way unlike many other companies who build for sales forecasts. To offer build to order system, companies must have cell manufacturing team of workers who build each PC from spring to finish rather than a typical assembly line production. cellular phone manufacturing in which one group of people is responsible for building a pc.Among other things cell manufacturing allows you to build to order in an efficient way. Dells received inspiration was to go direct but that only got it off the ground. Dell has made crucial establishments in its business enterprise model as it has bountiful these successive innovations have made it prosper not its adherence to a single rigid idea standards based technology as a point of market entry is one of those crucial points. Then dell began to implement a new model. Its operations had always featured a build to order process with direct sales to custome rs but dell took a series of ingenious steps to eliminate its inventories.Three florid rules of dell are disdain inventory, listen to the customer, never sell indirect. note that disdaining inventory was number one. Because of computers and the way they handle information nada or near zero inventory control is going to be a major business factor in the coming years and dell lead the way. Inventory is a drag on any business and particularly pure internet based businesses need no inventory on hand. Inventory mode capital investments and that investment is a impressive challenge to any start up. Further holding considerable meter of inventory in a business increase the overall debt position of firms and force them to incur massive amount of interest cost.The strategy to minify inventory is the only way to maintain start up cost and interest cost at an acceptable level. In the short prevail it will permit more start-ups because smart companies with tiny inventories come online w ith tokenish capital investment and Dells strategy of direct sale through online was a good example for the above. Dell actually bullion its operations in large part by maintaining zero inventory.It bills customers instanter but pays suppliers 36 to 45 days later. So it can plane an enormous amount of cash on which it earns a significant amount of additional interest. Besides reducing and reversing capital investment, zero inventory means that stock depreciation and obsolete a central concern in high tech is almost on problem. Maintaining zero inventory by nature keeps a company more agile. In fact true zero inventory keeps a company on the knifes process of responsiveness which is where dell likes to be. Dells model demand comes first supply second.Cost Structure1.Inventory acquisition and holding cost2. stakes cost3.Re-work cost4.Obsolete inventory written offProfitability1.Gross profit and net profit margin2.Higher return on investment3.Interest cover4.Higher EBIT marginQu estion 6What is the source of Dells competitive advantage?A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by fling consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and services that justifies higher prices. Michael Porter suggests that accompany can film one of the three strategies Differentiation, cost leadership, or focus in conclusion its competitive edge. Dell mass produce its components to keep the cost minimum, while postponing the assembly of the computers till the customer final orders are received. The model enabled Dell to gain competitive advantage ahead of competition with Low cost structure and customer experience. Dells global business model which is admired by world-over has positions its production plants close their key fruit markets in order to reduce shipping and transport costs and access to labour markets on low wages and with high productivity.The JIT inventory enabled Dell to reduce heavy investments on large inventories and warehousing. Short channel length and optimized supply chain process reduces cost of doing business further internet sales which generates major revenue inflow is an low cost sales channel helped Dell immensely in gaining cost leadership in the industry. Dell offer customers unique experience with its responsiveness through assembled-to-order, speed and at ease purchasing cycle online. How secure is this advantage ?Dells possible and economical model combining mass production and customization is a key strength which is well executed by effective integration of business plans aligned with supply chain resources. Evolvement of lean supply chain can give Dell with its drive for innovation to capitalize heavily and come up with better business model enhancing value proposition to the customer. likewise fast-paced expert developments too will be opportunities for Dell to rear their competitive advantage. Internet sales channel can further spread out with B razil and China consisting of one of the largest internet populations of the world. Product life cycle of PC market is at maturity stage and global shorten is consumers are demanding for more convenient devices. Treats from low cost new entrants and tilt among competitors make Dell, more reputed and admired giving medication to stand tall.Pressure from the States on China on exchange rate, China and Brazil growth as a middle income nation can impact the low cost labour and competitiveness of the product. Lack of culture driving innovation in countries they operate limits options for Dell to move value added services to muzzy cost labour countries like how HP has moved its design and R/D centre to Singapore. Anti-globalization ideology of China could impact Dells business future. For reputed organization like Dell, Green SC, ethics and CSR will require additional investments will increase their cost structures. In conclusion, we are of the view that considering above situation, D ells competitive advantage is not secure and could impact their current advantages.07. What are the potential risks associated with Dells global supply chain strategy? How can these risks be mitigated? Supply chain risk can be defined as followsUnforeseen events that might fall in the smooth flow of materials. (Waters, 2008) Unlike local or company-specific risks, system-wide risks are those which significantly disrupt supply chains crossways multiple operations and a wide geographic area. Systemic risks are created or magnified by the way supply chain systems are configured.So they are not easily resolved by individual acts. In todays globalized and interconnected world, any major disruption from a disease to a fire, has the potential to cascade through supply chains and permeate other systems. According to the research of consulting firm Accenture in 2006, over 50% of executives surveyed entangle that the risk of supply chains had increased as a result of their globalization o f business operations & also significant supply chain disruptions have been found to cut the share price of wedged companies by 7% on average. Further Accenture research done in 2012 indicates that more than 80% of companies are now concerned about supply chain resilience.The World Economic Forum in 2012 conducted a expand survey on Supply mountain range Risk across Europe, wedlock America and Asia via the World Economic Forums Supply Chain Risk Radar. The aim was to understand how the risk landscape varied across the three regions and compared with the top five global risks from 2011. Survey respondents considered global risks and their potential to cause system-wide disruptions in global supply chains. According to the survey the following top five disruption figures in 2012 were identifiedWhat risks is Dell exposed to through its supply chainGovernment Regulations / Legal decisions Currency / Interest rate volatility Country Financial Risks Political & kind Disruption s Corporate Governance issues Disruption of key supplier / partner thieving of intellectual property Natural disastersRisk Why Dell is exposedMitigatesGovernment Regulations / Legal decisions50% of the major suppliers are in Asia (Developing countries)Close study on the changes in regulations & the political situation of the countries invested in and limit expansion if the conditions are adverse Currency / Interest rate volatility200 suppliers of which 50% located outside USASupply on determined fixed prices for a specific period of time frontwards exchange rate contractsTheft of intellectual property85% of the sales are done through the internetDepend on a resilient core network, appropriate communication tools, and an element of redundancy. 34 This requires IT systems that are scalable, secure and re-routable Natural DisastersMany suppliers & factoriesAdequate insurance protectionsWorld Economic Forum, Building Resilience in Supply Chains January 2012ConclusionDells effect ive supply chain management has enabled them to reduce their cost to a greater extent, which has in turn helped them to improve its international competitiveness. Also effective supply chain management has enabled them to increase the value instauration to the customer by providing a faster and better service to the customer. When find the production locations, consideration must be given to country factors, technological factors and product factors prior to finalizing the decision.Strategiclocations of Dells production facilities have helped them to lessen cost, improve product quality and enabling better delivery channels. furthermore Dells strategy to purchase components from independent suppliers has facilitates strategic flexibility and helps the company to avoid the problems and costs associated with vertical integration. However unlike locally operated companies, global operatorslike Dell, has system-wide risks which could significantly disrupt supply chains across multi ple operations and a wide geographic area other than the inwrought company specific risks. In conclusion it is important that global companies like Dell should continue to mitigate these risks and achieving a better supply chain management through close alliances with suppliers and customers in striving for long term business competitiveness.

Athens vs Sparta Essay

capital of Greece which is in southern Europe is one of the oldest cities in Ancient Greece. It is believed to beget been established in the end of the fourth millennium BC. The name capital of Greece is derived from past Greek goddess Athena. Sparta is said to have been founded by Lacedaemon the son of genus Zeus and Taygete who married Sparta the daughter of Eurotas. Sparta was a city that was on the banks of the River Eurotas in ancient Greece. In the next few paragraph I forget equalise and contrast a few things between capital of Greece and Sparta. First will be the Government of the two, next will be the religion among both(prenominal) and last will be the lives of the citizens of Athens and Sparta.The Governments of Athens and Sparta were different even so there are a lot of similarities between the two. Both had an gather whose members were elected and appointed by the people. Sparta had two kings who were the rulers and could only be oblige out of office or turn it o ver by death. In Athens new officials were elected annually by the people. It is said that Athens was the birthplace for democracy because both officials were elected by the people. Spartan had a major focus on training boys to become warriors for the military machine. Life as an Athenian was different the boys had a choice whether they wanted to join the military or not. I believe this is one the major reasons why Sparta was such a dominant military and later took over Athens. There isnt a difference between Sparta and Athens when it comes to religion.However there was a different emphasis on the way the religion was practiced. They each worship the same gods although some were considered more important than others. The people of Athens extremely worshipped Athena where the patron of Sparta was Artemis. Both believed that worshipping the gods would make their everyday lives a good deal better as well as they would be taken foreboding of by the gods after death. The livelihood of the citizens of Sparta and Athens were extremely different.

Overcoming the perils of canoe lake Essay

There atomic number 18 over two thousand do medicines courts in America, each one specializing in its own level of drug abuse. A drug courts primary role is to handle cases with wrongdoers of core abuse. They offer offenders an opportunity to enter a rehabilitation program in lieu of sentenced jail time. The road to recovery is of course challenging and difficult, do the drug courts so strict and costly. dose courts were generally created for non-violent drug abusers. Although these offenders are given the chance to avoid jail time they are passing supervised by the court officials. Drug tests, substance abuse treatment, moldiness make regular appearances in court and constant checkups are undeniable to continue in the program. These offenders cases are usually dismissed due to their meshing in the program or their sentence is only shortened. Participation in these programs are completely voluntary and if qualified to enter, the offender must look into to complete all the t asks given and report to every summoning from the court.If an offender doesnt complete the program, they can be prosecuted or their sentence willing be revised and will be placed in jail. Drug courts are considered one f the most subjective ways to slip away drug abusers and avoiding incarceration. While in the program offenders are monitored and results of every drug court case is very astonishing, but the long term effect of these cases are beyond the rulings of the court. It is not known if those who participated in the programs continued their lives drug free. These courts have been examined and tested to see if the results justify the cost of the program. The operations evaluated such(prenominal) as the number of participants, referrals issued, and drug court graduates. The cost savings of touch on the offenders through the program instead of straight jail time, and results compared with those who have been undefiled their sentenced jail time as opposed to those in the pro grams. The therapeutic formula theory supports these courts, focusing on the impact that these laws create on a humans physiological and emotional well-being.

Doctor Faustus Review

On the 14th November 2012 we went to the Roses firm in Tewkesbury to watch Scene Productions perform the tragedy mendelevium Faustus which was fill with disappointment and unexpected aspects. However, it did bring forward a communicate finishedout the play which is showed understandably and effectively. This message was that people who give into temptation because of greed get punished this is based on a ghostly concept. At first we got told the wholly doing was way out to be an hour, this great away made me have doubts about the play and allowed me to think that it was going to be rushed which I snarl worry happened. Despite this, in that respect were some promising scenes which made me as the audition have a mixture of emotions.When I first arrived into my seat, the first thing I observe was the make up ones mind placed on introduce. It appeared like a very simplistic redress, except also very effective. It clearly showed the time the performance was set and a llowed us to have a personal interpretation of the character bushel Faustus without yet meeting him. Whilst the lights were still on and people were coming into the battleground, it seemed like the production started as we are first introduced to two characters walking round in a drab sort of manor, whether it was because people were late into the theatre or it was planned, it was a huge distraction and it was hard to focus on the dilemma which is occurring on stage, as I kept on tour my head to the loud talking of people arriving, not only this the acrimonious lights were still on which helped me to not focus on the characters on the stage whatsoever.The character of pervert Faustus played by Ben Elder was introduced as a puppet, this was effective as it allowed us to realise that compared to hell he was seen as vulner suitable and small. It also helped to distance the audience and showed to us that we are not watching reality it was simply an interpretation of an urban leg end. However, I also felt that it would have been much more effective if it was an actual shammer performing because then perhaps we as the audience would be able to view his acting skills.The music throughout the play was purposely sinister to reflect on the major theme of the production which was death. The music helped to wee the climax, create atmosphere and to determine the audiences emotion. The constant thigh-slapper and howling in the soundtrack helped to portray hell as a dodgy and horrific place to be. The music started to begin before the play even started this was effective as it allowed us to have an interpretation on the whole play and gave off an eerie atmosphere beforehand.There were a a couple of(prenominal) mistakes made in the whole performance which disheartened me and made it seem messy and disorganised. When organising props and having costume changes behind the actual set, it became distracting if ever a noise was made or the sheet was accidently knocked. This decreases its effectiveness as it clearly distracted me from the performance. Small incidents were made, from tripping up the stairs whilst getting on the stage, to a door not opening fully for Faustus to get through backwards. However these little mistakes were acceptable but it brought up climaxes for nothing.They developed Doctor Faustuss plans by presented them as an angel and a d nefariousness on either side trying to convince him to go onto their side. They were seen as a black card with wings on either side and hid their bodies. The inexorable flapping of their wings showed their persevering and their urge to not give up. though sometimes the angel and devils got a bit stupidThey also interacted with the audience which effectively broke the fourth wall, as it engaged the audience and it felt like we were part of the play. The use of the sign saying clap or gasp, I thought was a quite over mislead as it completely distracted you from the entire play. It also brought a jovial feel to the whole performance which changes the whole theme, did they intend to make you express emotion or feel sympathy for Faustus? They made a share of the audience feel uncomfortable and separating the performer both physically and verbally. This makes the audience member feel apprehensive about going on stage imputable to the distinctive and eerie atmosphere, however this can easily be criticised as I felt that due to this I was watching more of a pantomime rather than a dramatic performance which I thought it was going to be as it struggled to create a powerful meaning, although it helped to browse the audience which created a scary atmosphere, breaking the conventions of a normal and evil play.The lighting throughout the play was effective as it demonstrates the major base which is morally evil. I was constantly engaged when the arrogant protagonist who makes a pact with Lucifer to gain forbidden power and outstanding knowledge. He then finds himself getting dra gged into the murky mist of hell. The low budget performance consisted of a mass of creativity, as the set didnt change throughout the whole thing. There were small candles used to illuminate the stage and set which cleverly symbolized the heat that burns in life and death. The Candles also stand for beauty which is highly ironic, as hell is an evil and sinister place, and is nowhere near beautiful.In conclusion, I felt that the narrative was creative but the way they presented it was filled with disappointment, perhaps without the humour it would be classed as a dramatic play which is what it is originally supposed to be. I myself would not go see it again as it did not appeal to me whatsoever it got exhibited as a pantomime and made me feel like a child. though I would recommend this production to the older generation as it is filled with complexities and enigmas, though it would also engage children as they get attracted the humour.

Characteristic of an Effective Teacher Essay

1. A C eithering for the trafficThis is supposed to be the to a greater extent or less important. And this is what is causing me the most headache at the moment. To accept the fact that some wiz might be doing this job as a job for the perks and the advantages without a real fealty is a real hindrance in achieving my aim of helping instructors choke better professionals. How do you train teachers to develop a c onlying for the profession? Is this something I brook possibly aim at?2. Professional familiarityI tend to feel that a lot of what is considered professional familiarity is in easy-to-assess tests, deal TKT or CELTA. Does he know the different kinds of assessments, and the give birth perfect? Yes, great, then hes good. Professional knowledge is a matter of pride among teachers. Local teachers make a lot of hunting expedition to speak better English and expect native teachers to explain haphazard weird ideas they learnt 30-40 classs before. I personally attribute little vastness to this aspect. Long g 1 argon the days when a clever teacher taught a stupid child closely the big-big world.3. Personal qualitiesYeah, yeah. Here we go again the teacher as the frustrated (failed) actor, the clown, the village idiot fountainhead actually no, I gestate there be much more important personal qualities we tend to ignore these days and we shouldnt honesty, emotions, intelligence, reliability, enthusiasm, curiosity. These be all characteristics we use to define effective learners, but the more these qualities are shared by their teachers, the more likely it is that they get what they want. Its ceaselessly going to be more entertaining to watch Friends, or whatsoever it is teenagers watch these days, than to attend an English class. So, why compete? Establishing an efficient and mutually beneficial working environment is much more helpful I believe.4. With-it-ness (McEwan, E K 2002. How to survive and strive in the first-yearborn three weeks o f inculcate)This is an exciting addition to the list. The essential skill of being open to envisage possible classroom and curriculum events. Planning with an awareness of the objectives and the conditions. This is emphatically an acquired skill that you sess get better with every new year, school and group. This is why every employer should be wary of teachers who do a year or so and then move on regularly. They will not have this understanding of their actions within the bigger picture. Its arguable of physical body how important this is, but if we see education especially public schools as a continuum with precise expectations, it is important to have teachers who understand them. This is especially true(p) if we want to liberate teachers from prescribed teaching materials and expect them to develop customised tasks for their students.5. instructional EffectivenessTo be an effective teacher you have to teach well. unattackable to argue. The interesting thing about this i s that this demands again a very extravagantly level of flexibility and a wide range of expertise from the teacher, since something that whitethorn be a piece of cake with one group of students can prove to be an absolute nightmare with another. Even if I intend the same lesson for two different groups, they could and they should never be the same. So, this is again a hunch, not more. This seems to work with this group so lets go with it, but heaven forbid I would try it with the other group.6. well-g turn of eventsed communicatorWell, this is pretty obvious, and necessary not only with students, but with teachers, managers and parents. Communication is not always direct, which is difficult. Other teachers and management hear about you from students and parents. Its all a vicious circle, and to communicate your message well in all directions is a blot of a juggling act.7. Street smart notice about who you teach. This is some eons perceived as the great advantage of having topic al anesthetic teachers or teachers who come from the same-similar context. While I admit that this has its advantages, I think it has just as many disadvantages. There is a false smack of mutuality amongst the local teachers and students against the foreign teacher in the school. in all those dismissive nods from the colleagues and students are the same, really. Sometimes blowing up a little bit of a bomb with a completely innocent face can be very helpful. Ill never forget the conversation I had with my students about respecting women and giving them rights and me doing the cooking and the washing up. I loved it. In many situations you are expected to be the foreigner. Embracing your foreignness is one way of being successful. You are not expected to be one of them. Why try? Clearly, you dont want to be crude or hurt anyone but there are several stages between the extremes. Dont do anything that would offend you if it was the other way round but dont expect them to eat the goul ash as you serve it, whats more, they can even be allowed not to like goulash.8. Willing to go the extra mileThis is closely linked to the first one. If you follow a calling, you will go the extra mile. Otherwise you wint. There is no way of making someone do more than what they are paid to.9. Lifelong learnerThe excitement of Amazon delivering insofar another book about ELT, Russell Tarr recommending another mindboggingly good link. A crowd near you, a conference on the web, all the tweets from last night. If you are still excited about any of these things, were talking about you. If you watch a movie and 2 minutes into the film you bulk thinking about how you could use this in class, this is about you. Most teachers trigger forgetting what they learn when they start their education, and will have forgotten why they are standing in front of a class by the time they have finished. They are the life-long forgetters. Heaven save students from them. This is not about the top hat method the best book the greatest author, the best publishing house, its about you and where you are in the wonderful process of your professional development 10 Life away(p) the classroomYour life outside the classroom is the bread and butter you bring to your students and re-contextalise to feed their learning appetite.

About Martin Luther

Martin Luther I suck up a breathing in From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation, search This article is roughly the Martin Luther world-beater younger words. For other purposes, see I take a crap a Dream (disambiguation). Martin Luther index, junior delivering I Have a Dream at the 1963 working capital D. C. Civil Rights March. I Have a DreamMenu00030-second sampling from I Have a Dream deliverance by Martin Luther fagot, younger Problems listening to this file? See media help. I Have a Dream is a public name and address by Ameri depose activist Martin Luther magnate, Jr.It was delivered by tabby on the after(prenominal)noon of Wednesday, August 28, 1963, in which he cal conduct for an completion to racism in the United States. The quarrel, delivered to over 250,000 urbane rights supporters from the steps of the capital of Nebraska autobiography during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, was a defining flash of the the Statesn Civil Rights Movement. 1 Beginning with a de nonation to the liberty Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863,2 king examines that peerless hundred years later, the lightlessness still is not free. 3 At the end of the speech, fag de erupted from his prepared text for a partly improvised peroration on the theme of I cede a ambitiousness, possibly prompted by Mahalia Jacksons cry, Tell them about the dream, Martin 4 In this part of the speech, which most excited the listeners and has now be enumerate the most famous, King expound dreams of freedom and equality arising from a land of slavery and hatred. 5 The speech was class-conscious the top American speech of the 20th century by a 1999 poll of scholars of public address. 6 Contents * 1 Background * 1. oral communication championship and the piece of writing process * 2 The speech * 2. 1 Similarities and allusions * 3 Responses * 4 Legacy * 5 copyright dispute * 6 References * 7 extraneous links Background View f rom the Lincoln Memorial toward the Washington deposit on August 28, 1963 The location on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial from which King delivered the speech is commemorated with this inscription. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was partly intended to demonstrate mass support for the civil rights legislation proposed by President Kennedy in June.King and other leaders therefore agreed to nourishment their speeches calm, and to avoid provoking the civil disobedience which had become the hall cross of the civil rights act. King originally designed his speech as a allegiance to Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address, timed to correspond with the 100-year centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation5 Speech title and the writing process King had been preaching about dreams since 1960, when he gave a speech to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) called The Negro and the American Dream.This speech discusses the gap between the American dr eam and the American lived reality, maxim that overt white supremacists take violated the dream, but similarly that our federal government has also scarred the dream through its im ease upivity and hypocricy, its betrayal of the cause of rightness. King suggests that It may well be that the Negro is Gods instrument to save the soul of America. 78 He had also delivered a dream speech in Detroit, in June 1963, when he jar againsted on Woodward Avenue with Walter Reuther and the Reverend C. L. Franklin, and had rehearsed other parts. 9 The March on Washington Speech, known as I Have a Dream Speech, has been shown to have had several versions, written at several different times. 10 It has no single version draft, but is an amalgamation of several drafts, and was originally called Normalcy, neer Again. Little of this, and another Normalcy Speech, ends up in the final draft. A draft of Normalcy, Never Again is housed in the Morehouse College Martin Luther King, Jr. Collection of R obert W. fragrant bedstraw program library of the Atlanta University Center and Morehouse College. 11 Our concenter on I have a dream, comes through the speechs delivery.Toward the end of its delivery, noted African American church doctrine singer Mahalia Jackson shouted to Dr. King from the crowd, Tell them about the dream, Martin. 12 Dr. King stopped delivering his prepared speech and started preaching, punctuating his points with I have a dream. The speech was drafted with the assistance of Stanley Levison and Clarence Benjamin J unrivaleds13 in Riverdale, New York City. J unitarys has said that the logistical preparations for the march were so burdensome that the speech was not a antecedency for us and that on the evening of Tuesday, Aug. 7, 12 hours before the March Martin still didnt know what he was going to say. 14 Leading up to the speechs rendition at the majuscule March on Washington, King had delivered its I have a dream refrains in his speech before 25,000 muck le in Detroits Cobo Hall at a time after the 125,000-strong cracking Walk to Freedom in Detroit, June 23, 1963. 1516 After the Washington, D. C. March, a recording of Kings Cobo Hall speech was released by Detroits Gordy records as an LP entitled The Great March To Freedom. 17 The speechWidely hailed as a masterpiece of rhetoric, Kings speech invokes the Declaration of Independence, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the United States Constitution. Early in his speech, King alludes to Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address by saying Five score years ago King says in reference to the abolition of slavery articulated in the Emancipation Proclamation, It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. Anaphora, the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of sentences, is a rhetorical tool sedulous throughout the speech.An example of anaphora is plant ahead of time as King urges his audience to seize the moment Now is the time is repeated quartette times in the sixth paragraph. The most widely cited example of anaphora is found in the often quoted phrase I have a dream which is repeated eight times as King paints a picture of an integrated and unified America for his audience. Other occasions when King used anaphora include One hundred years later, We can never be satisfied, With this faith, Let freedom ring, and free at last. King was the sixteenth out of eighteen people to speak that day, according to the appointed program. 18 According to U. S. Representative John Lewis, who also spoke that day as the president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Dr. King had the power, the ability, and the capacity to shift those steps on the Lincoln Memorial into a monumental orbital cavity that will forever be recognized. By speaking the way he did, he educated, he inspired, he informed not just the people there, but people throughout America and unborn generations. 19 The ideas in the speech reflect Kings social experiences of the mistreatment of blacks.The speech draws upon appeals to Americas myths as a nation founded to append freedom and justice to all people, and then reinforces and transcends those secular mythologies by placing them within a spiritual context by arguing that racial justice is also in accord with Gods will. Thus, the rhetoric of the speech provides redemption to America for its racial sins. 20 King describes the promises made by America as a promissory note on which America has defaulted. He says that America has given over the Negro people a bad check, but that weve come to cash this check by marching in Washington, D. C.Kings speech includes the linage I have a dream, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the issue of their character. I have a dream today 21 Similarities and allusions Further randomness Martin Luther King, Jr. authorship issues Kings speech uses words and ideas from his own spe eches and other texts. He had spoken about dreams, quoted from My Country Tis of Thee, and of course referred extensively to the Bible, for years. The idea of constituent(a) rights as an unfulfilled promise was suggested by Clarence Jones. 7 The closing passage from Kings speech partially resembles Archibald Carey, Jr. s address to the 1952 Republican National crowd both speeches end with a recitation of the first verse of Samuel Francis Smiths habitual patriotic hymn America (My Country Tis of Thee), and the speeches share the name of one of several mountains from which both exhort let freedom ring. 7 King also is said to have built on Prathia Halls speech at the site of a burned-down church in Terrell County, Georgia in phratry 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase I have a dream. 22 It also alludes to Psalm 30523 in the second stanza of the speech. King also quotes from Isaiah 404-5I have a dream that each valley shall be exalted 24 Additionally, King alludes to the op ening lines of Shakespeares Richard III when he remarks, this sweltering summer of the Negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn Responses The speech was lauded in the days after the event, and was widely considered the high point of the March by contemporary observers. 25 jam Reston, writing for the New York Times, said that Dr.King touched all the themes of the day, only weaken than anybody else. He was full of the symbolism of Lincoln and Gandhi, and the cadences of the Bible. He was both competitory and sad, and he sent the crowd away feeling that the long move had been worthwhile. 7 Reston also noted that the event was better covered by tv set system and the press than any event here since President Kennedys inauguration, and opined that it will be a long time before Washington forgets the melodious and melancholy vox of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. crying out his dreams to the multitude. 26 An article in the capital of Mass achusetts Globe by Mary McGrory reported that Kings speech caught the mood and go the crowd of the day as no other speaker in the event. 27 Marquis Childs of The Washington Post wrote that Kings speech rose above unmingled oratory. 28 An article in the Los Angeles Times commented that the matchless eloquence displayed by King, a supreme orator of a type so archaic as almost to be forgotten in our age, put to overawe the advocates of segregation by inspiring the conscience of America with the justice of the civil-rights cause. 29 The federal official Bureau of Investigation (FBI) also noticed the speech, which provoked them to expand their COINTELPRO surgery against the SCLC, and to target King specifically as a major opposition of the United States. 30 Two days after King delivered I Have a Dream, Agent William C. Sullivan, the head of COINTELPRO, wrote a memo about Kings growing influence In the light of Kings powerful demagogic speech yesterday he stands head and shoulders ab ove all other Negro leaders put together when it comes to influencing great masses of Negroes.We must mark him now, if we have not done so before, as the most hazardous Negro of the future in this Nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro and guinea pig security. 31 The speech was a success for the Kennedy administration and for the liberal civil rights densification that had planned the March on Washington. Some of the more radical sick leaders who were present condemned the speech (along with the rest of the march) as too compromising.Malcolm X later wrote in his Autobiography Who ever heard of angry revolutionaries cut their bare feet together with their oppressor in lily pad pools, with gospels and guitars and I have a dream speeches? 5 Legacy The March on Washington put drive on the Kennedy administration to advance civil rights legislation in Congress. 32 The diaries of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. , published posthumously in 2007, suggest that President Kennedy w as concerned that if the march failed to attract large numbers of demonstrators, it might undermine his civil rights efforts.In the raise up of the speech and march, King was named Man of the Year by TIME time for 1963, and in 1964, he was the youngest person ever awarded the Nobel peace of mind Prize. 333 In 2002, the Library of Congress honored the speech by adding it to the United States National enter Registry. 34 In 2003, the National Park Service dedicated an inscribed stain pedestal to commemorate the location of Kings speech at the Lincoln Memorial. 35 Copyright dispute Because Kings speech was broadcast to a large radio and television audience, there was controversy about the copyright status of the speech.If the performance of the speech accomplished general publication, it would have entered the public domain repayable to Kings failure to register the speech with the Registrar of Copyrights. If the performance only constituted limited publication, however, King ret ained common law copyright. This led to a lawsuit, Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr. , Inc. v. CBS, Inc. , which established that the King estate does pack copyright over the speech and had standing to sue the parties then settled.Unlicensed use of the speech or a part of it can still be lawful in some circumstances, especially in jurisdictions under doctrines much(prenominal) as fair use or fair dealing. Under the relevant copyright laws, the speech will remain under copyright in the United States until 70 years after Kings expiration, thus until 2038. Martin Luther King and MLK airt here. For other uses, see Martin Luther King (disambiguation) and MLK (disambiguation). Martin Luther King, Jr. King in 1964 born(p) Michael King, Jr. January 15, 1929 Atlanta, Georgia, U. S. Died April 4, 1968 (aged39)Memphis, Tennessee, U. S. Monuments Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Nationality American Alma mater Morehouse College (B. A. ) Crozer Theological Seminary (B. D. ) capital of Ma ssachusetts University (Ph. D. ) Organization Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Influencedby messiah Christ, Abraham Lincoln, Reinhold Niebuhr, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Bayard Rustin, Howard Thurman, Paul Tillich, Leo Tolstoy Political movement African-American Civil Rights Movement, Peace movement Religion Baptist (Progressive National Baptist Convention) Spouse(s) Coretta Scott King (19531968)Children Yolanda Denise-King (19552007) Martin Luther King III (b. 1957) dextral Scott King (b. 1961) Bernice Albertine King (b. 1963) Parents Martin Luther King, Sr. Alberta Williams King Awards Nobel Peace Prize (1964), presidential Medal of Freedom (1977, posthumous), Congressional silver Medal (2004, posthumous) Signature Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is go around known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using unbloody civil disobed ience.King has become a subject area icon in the bill of American progressivism. 1 A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama that attracted interior(a) attention following television news coverage of the brutal police force response.King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his I Have a Dream speech. There, he established his report as one of the greatest orators in American history. He also established his reputation as a radical, and became an object of the Federal Bureau of Investigations COINTELPRO for the rest of his life. FBI agents investigated him for viable communist ties, recorded his extramarital li aisons and reported on them to government officials, and on one occasion, mailed King a threatening anonymous earn that he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago. In the final years of his life, King expanded his focus to include poverty and the Vietnam War, alienating many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled Beyond Vietnam. King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D. C. , called the Poor Peoples Campaign. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many U.S. cities. Allegations that James Earl Ray, the man convicted of killing King, had been border or acted in concert with government agents persisted for decades after the shooting, and the jury of a 1999 civil trial found Loyd Jowers to be complicit in a crew against King. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a U. S. federal pass in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U. S. have been renamed in his honor. A memorial statue on the National Mall was opened to the public in 2011.